ether 头部:
IP 头部:
UDP头部:
ICMP头部:
ARP数据报:
TCP头部:
sequence number: 开始发包时是一个随机值,表示数据包中的字节数而不是TCP数据包的个数;
Acknowledgment number: 也是一个随机值,表示的是数据包中的字节数;
问题1:
为什么UDP有包长, 而TCP没有包长?
TCP数据包的 长度是通过sequence number + 发送保证字节数的值, 在回复ACK报文的确认之前的字节数是否被收到来确认,如果没收到再次重发确认号之前的报文。
问题2:
发送2M的文件,
发送socketbuffer 的大小是2K,
MSS: 512, 可以再tcp头部的options确认
MTU: 1500
TCP报头中的标志位:
ACK:
PSH: 带有该标志的数据包,收到后通知应用程序赶快处理;
RST: 不合法,超时,长时间不回复等待
SYN:
FIN:
慢启动的过程, 拥塞避免
1*mss
2*mss
4*mss
发送->ACK返回, 这就是一个RTT,,
TCP抖动, 要消抖
探测定时器
TCP协议的实现没有完成,现在只有一个框架,后续再继续添加,这只是自己学习时候的记录。TCP协议还有 滑动窗口,拥塞控制,拥塞避免,ACK延迟,超时重传等概念,需要好好理解,有哪些大佬有好的文章、博客等可以一起学习交流。
TCP代码的实现:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/poll.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define NETMAP_WITH_LIBS
#include <net/netmap_user.h>
#pragma pack(1)
#define ETH_ADDR_LENGTH 6
#define PROTO_IP 0x0800
#define PROTO_ARP 0x0806
#define PROTO_UDP 17
#define PROTO_TCP 6
#define PROTO_ICMP 1
struct ethhdr {
unsigned char h_dst[ETH_ADDR_LENGTH];
unsigned char h_src[ETH_ADDR_LENGTH];
unsigned short h_proto;
}; // 14
struct iphdr {
unsigned char hdrlen:4,
version:4; // 0x45
unsigned char tos;
unsigned short totlen;
unsigned short id;
unsigned short flag_offset; //
unsigned char ttl; //time to live
// 0x1234// htons
unsigned char type;
unsigned short check;
unsigned int sip;
unsigned int dip;
}; // 20
struct udphdr {
unsigned short sport;
unsigned short dport;
unsigned short length;
unsigned short check;
}; // 8
struct udppkt {
struct ethhdr eh; // 14
struct iphdr ip; // 20
struct udphdr udp; // 8
unsigned char data[0];
}; // sizeof(struct udppkt) ==
struct arphdr {
unsigned short h_type;
unsigned short h_proto;
unsigned char h_addrlen;
unsigned char h_protolen;
unsigned short oper;
unsigned char smac[ETH_ADDR_LENGTH];
unsigned int sip;
unsigned char dmac[ETH_ADDR_LENGTH];
unsigned int dip;
};
struct arppkt {
struct ethhdr eh;
struct arphdr arp;
};
struct tcphdr {
unsigned short sport;
unsigned short dport;
unsigned int seqnum;
unsigned int acknum;
unsigned char hdrlen_resv; //
unsigned char flag;
unsigned short window; // 1460
unsigned short checksum;
unsigned short urgent_pointer;
unsigned int options[0];
};
struct tcppkt {
struct ethhdr eh; // 14
struct iphdr ip; // 20
struct tcphdr tcp; // 8
unsigned char data[0];
};
typedef enum _tcp_status {
TCP_STATUS_CLOSED,
TCP_STATUS_LISTEN,
TCP_STATUS_SYN_REVD,
TCP_STATUS_SYN_SENT,
TCP_STATUS_ESTABLISHED,
TCP_STATUS_FIN_WAIT_1,
TCP_STATUS_FIN_WAIT_2,
TCP_STATUS_CLOSING,
TCP_STATUS_TIME_WAIT,
TCP_STATUS_CLOSE_WAIT,
TCP_STATUS_LAST_ACK,
};
#define TCP_CWR_FLAG 0x80
#define TCP_ECE_FLAG 0x40
#define TCP_URG_FLAG 0x20
#define TCP_ACK_FLAG 0x10
#define TCP_PSH_FLAG 0x08
#define TCP_RST_FLAG 0x04
#define TCP_SYN_FLAG 0x02
#define TCP_FIN_FLAG 0x01
// arp table
struct ntcb {
unsigned int sip;
unsigned int dip;
unsigned short sport;
unsigned short dport;
unsigned char smac[ETH_ADDR_LENGTH];
unsigned char dmac[ETH_ADDR_LENGTH];
unsigned char status;
};
int str2mac(char *mac, char *str) {
char *p = str;
unsigned char value = 0x0;
int i = 0;
while (p != '\0') {
if (*p == ':') {
mac[i++] = value;
value = 0x0;
} else {
unsigned char temp = *p;
if (temp <= '9' && temp >= '0') {
temp -= '0';
} else if (temp <= 'f' && temp >= 'a') {
temp -= 'a';
temp += 10;
} else if (temp <= 'F' && temp >= 'A') {
temp -= 'A';
temp += 10;
} else {
break;
}
value <<= 4;
value |= temp;
}
p ++;
}
mac[i] = value;
return 0;
}
void echo_arp_pkt(struct arppkt *arp, struct arppkt *arp_rt, char *mac) {
memcpy(arp_rt, arp, sizeof(struct arppkt));
memcpy(arp_rt->eh.h_dst, arp->eh.h_src, ETH_ADDR_LENGTH);
str2mac(arp_rt->eh.h_src, mac);
arp_rt->eh.h_proto = arp->eh.h_proto;
arp_rt->arp.h_addrlen = 6;
arp_rt->arp.h_protolen = 4;
arp_rt->arp.oper = htons(2);
str2mac(arp_rt->arp.smac, mac);
arp_rt->arp.sip = arp->arp.dip;
memcpy(arp_rt->arp.dmac, arp->arp.smac, ETH_ADDR_LENGTH);
arp_rt->arp.dip = arp->arp.sip;
}
//
int main() {
struct nm_pkthdr h;
struct nm_desc *nmr = nm_open("netmap:eth0", NULL, 0, NULL);
if (nmr == NULL) return -1;
struct pollfd pfd = {0};
pfd.fd = nmr->fd;
pfd.events = POLLIN;
struct ntcb tcb;
while (1) {
int ret = poll(&pfd, 1, -1);
if (ret < 0) continue;
if (pfd.revents & POLLIN) {
unsigned char *stream = nm_nextpkt(nmr, &h);
struct ethhdr *eh = (struct ethhdr *)stream;
if (ntohs(eh->h_proto) == PROTO_IP) {
struct udppkt *udp = (struct udppkt *)stream;
if (udp->ip.type == PROTO_UDP) { //
int udplength = ntohs(udp->udp.length);
udp->data[udplength-8] = '\0';
printf("udp --> %s\n", udp->data);
} else if (udp->ip.type == PROTO_ICMP) { //
} else if (udp->ip.type == PROTO_TCP) {
struct tcppkt *tcp = (struct tcppkt *)stream;
/*
unsigned int sip = tcp->ip.sip;
unsigned int dip = tcp->ip.dip;
unsigned short sport = tcp->tcp.sport;
unsigned short dport = tcp->tcp.dport;
tcb = search_tcb();
*/
if (tcb->status == TCP_STATUS_LISTEN) { //
if (tcp->tcp.flag & TCP_SYN_FLAG) {
tcb->status = TCP_STATUS_SYN_REVD;
// send syn, ack pkt
// seqnum, ack
}
} else if (tcb->status == TCP_STATUS_SYN_REVD) {
if (tcp->tcp.flag & TCP_ACK_FLAG) {
tcb->status = TCP_STATUS_ESTABLISHED;
}
}
}
} else if (ntohs(eh->h_proto) == PROTO_ARP) {
struct arppkt *arp = (struct arppkt *)stream;
struct arppkt arp_rt;
if (arp->arp.dip == inet_addr("192.168.0.123")) { //
echo_arp_pkt(arp, &arp_rt, "00:50:56:33:1c:ca");
nm_inject(nmr, &arp_rt, sizeof(arp_rt));
printf("arp ret\n");
}
}
}
}
}