8. Prometheus-配置

Prometheus通过命令行标志和配置文件进行配置。 尽管命令行标志配置了不可变的系统参数（例如存储位置，要保留在磁盘和内存中的数据量等），但配置文件定义了与抓取job及其实例相关的所有内容，以及加载规则文件。

要查看所有可用的命令行标志，请运行./prometheus -h。

Prometheus可以在运行时重新加载其配置。 如果新配置格式不正确，则更改将不会应用。 通过向Prometheus进程发送SIGHUP或向/-/reload端点发送HTTP POST请求（当启用了--web.enable-lifecycle标志时）来触发配置重载。 这还将重新加载所有已配置的规则文件。

配置文件

要指定要加载的配置文件，请使用--config.file标志。

 

该文件以YAML格式写入，由以下描述的格式定义。 方括号表示参数是可选的。 对于非列表参数，该值设置为指定的默认值。

 

通用占位符定义如下：

•  <boolean>：布尔值，可以采用true或false值

• <duration>：与正则表达式 [0-9]+(ms|[smhdwy])匹配的持续时间

• <labelname>：与正则表达式 [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*匹配的字符串

• <labelvalue>：一串unicode字符

• <filename>：当前工作目录中的有效路径

• <host>：由主机名或IP后跟可选端口号组成的有效字符串

• <path>：有效的URL路径

• <scheme>：一个字符串，可以使用值http或https

• <string>：常规字符串

• <secret>：作为机密的常规字符串，例如密码

• <tmpl_string>：使用前已模板扩展的字符串

其他占位符分别指定。

在这里可以找到有效的示例文件。

全局配置指定在所有其他配置上下文中有效的参数。 它们还用作其他配置部分的默认设置。

global:
  # How frequently to scrape targets by default.
  [ scrape_interval: <duration> | default = 1m ]

  # How long until a scrape request times out.
  [ scrape_timeout: <duration> | default = 10s ]

  # How frequently to evaluate rules.
  [ evaluation_interval: <duration> | default = 1m ]

  # The labels to add to any time series or alerts when communicating with
  # external systems (federation, remote storage, Alertmanager).
  external_labels:
    [ <labelname>: <labelvalue> ... ]

# Rule files specifies a list of globs. Rules and alerts are read from
# all matching files.
rule_files:
  [ - <filepath_glob> ... ]

# A list of scrape configurations.
scrape_configs:
  [ - <scrape_config> ... ]

# Alerting specifies settings related to the Alertmanager.
alerting:
  alert_relabel_configs:
    [ - <relabel_config> ... ]
  alertmanagers:
    [ - <alertmanager_config> ... ]

# Settings related to the remote write feature.
remote_write:
  [ - <remote_write> ... ]

# Settings related to the remote read feature.
remote_read:
  [ - <remote_read> ... ]

<scrape_config>

scrape_config部分指定了一组目标和参数，这些目标和参数描述了如何抓取它们。 在一般情况下，一个抓取配置指定一个job。 在高级配置中，这可能会改变。

可以通过static_configs参数静态配置目标，也可以使用受支持的服务发现机制之一动态发现目标。

此外，relabel_configs允许在抓取之前对任何目标及其标签进行高级修改。

# The job name assigned to scraped metrics by default.
job_name: <job_name>

# How frequently to scrape targets from this job.
[ scrape_interval: <duration> | default = <global_config.scrape_interval> ]

# Per-scrape timeout when scraping this job.
[ scrape_timeout: <duration> | default = <global_config.scrape_timeout> ]

# The HTTP resource path on which to fetch metrics from targets.
[ metrics_path: <path> | default = /metrics ]

# honor_labels controls how Prometheus handles conflicts between labels that are
# already present in scraped data and labels that Prometheus would attach
# server-side ("job" and "instance" labels, manually configured target
# labels, and labels generated by service discovery implementations).
#
# If honor_labels is set to "true", label conflicts are resolved by keeping label
# values from the scraped data and ignoring the conflicting server-side labels.
#
# If honor_labels is set to "false", label conflicts are resolved by renaming
# conflicting labels in the scraped data to "exported_<original-label>" (for
# example "exported_instance", "exported_job") and then attaching server-side
# labels.
#
# Setting honor_labels to "true" is useful for use cases such as federation and
# scraping the Pushgateway, where all labels specified in the target should be
# preserved.
#
# Note that any globally configured "external_labels" are unaffected by this
# setting. In communication with external systems, they are always applied only
# when a time series does not have a given label yet and are ignored otherwise.
[ honor_labels: <boolean> | default = false ]

# honor_timestamps controls whether Prometheus respects the timestamps present
# in scraped data.
#
# If honor_timestamps is set to "true", the timestamps of the metrics exposed
# by the target will be used.
#
# If honor_timestamps is set to "false", the timestamps of the metrics exposed
# by the target will be ignored.
[ honor_timestamps: <boolean> | default = true ]

# Configures the protocol scheme used for requests.
[ scheme: <scheme> | default = http ]

# Optional HTTP URL parameters.
params:
  [ <string>: [<string>, ...] ]

# Sets the `Authorization` header on every scrape request with the
# configured username and password.
# password and password_file are mutually exclusive.
basic_auth:
  [ username: <string> ]
  [ password: <secret> ]
  [ password_file: <string> ]

# Sets the `Authorization` header on every scrape request with
# the configured bearer token. It is mutually exclusive with `bearer_token_file`.
[ bearer_token: <secret> ]

# Sets the `Authorization` header on every scrape request with the bearer token
# read from the configured file. It is mutually exclusive with `bearer_token`.
[ bearer_token_file: /path/to/bearer/token/file ]

# Configures the scrape request's TLS settings.
tls_config:
  [ <tls_config> ]

# Optional proxy URL.
[ proxy_url: <string> ]

# List of Azure service discovery configurations.
azure_sd_configs:
  [ - <azure_sd_config> ... ]

# List of Consul service discovery configurations.
consul_sd_configs:
  [ - <consul_sd_config> ... ]

# List of DNS service discovery configurations.
dns_sd_configs:
  [ - <dns_sd_config> ... ]

# List of EC2 service discovery configurations.
ec2_sd_configs:
  [ - <ec2_sd_config> ... ]

# List of OpenStack service discovery configurations.
openstack_sd_configs:
  [ - <openstack_sd_config> ... ]

# List of file service discovery configurations.
file_sd_configs:
  [ - <file_sd_config> ... ]

# List of GCE service discovery configurations.
gce_sd_configs:
  [ - <gce_sd_config> ... ]

# List of Kubernetes service discovery configurations.
kubernetes_sd_configs:
  [ - <kubernetes_sd_config> ... ]

# List of Marathon service discovery configurations.
marathon_sd_configs:
  [ - <marathon_sd_config> ... ]

# List of AirBnB's Nerve service discovery configurations.
nerve_sd_configs:
  [ - <nerve_sd_config> ... ]

# List of Zookeeper Serverset service discovery configurations.
serverset_sd_configs:
  [ - <serverset_sd_config> ... ]

# List of Triton service discovery configurations.
triton_sd_configs:
  [ - <triton_sd_config> ... ]

# List of labeled statically configured targets for this job.
static_configs:
  [ - <static_config> ... ]

# List of target relabel configurations.
relabel_configs:
  [ - <relabel_config> ... ]

# List of metric relabel configurations.
metric_relabel_configs:
  [ - <relabel_config> ... ]

# Per-scrape limit on number of scraped samples that will be accepted.
# If more than this number of samples are present after metric relabelling
# the entire scrape will be treated as failed. 0 means no limit.
[ sample_limit: <int> | default = 0 ]

其中，<job_name>在所有抓取配置中必须是唯一的。

 

<tls_config>

tls_config允许配置TLS连接。

# CA certificate to validate API server certificate with.
[ ca_file: <filename> ]

# Certificate and key files for client cert authentication to the server.
[ cert_file: <filename> ]
[ key_file: <filename> ]

# ServerName extension to indicate the name of the server.
# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4366#section-3.1
[ server_name: <string> ]

# Disable validation of the server certificate.
[ insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> ]

<azure_sd_config>

Azure SD配置允许从Azure VM检索抓取目标。

重新标记期间，以下meta标签可用于目标： 

• __meta_azure_machine_id：机器ID

• __meta_azure_machine_location：机器运行所在的位置

• __meta_azure_machine_name：机器名称

• __meta_azure_machine_os_type：机器操作系统

• __meta_azure_machine_private_ip：计算机的专用IP

• __meta_azure_machine_public_ip：计算机的公用IP（如果存在）

• __meta_azure_machine_resource_group：计算机的资源组

• __meta_azure_machine_tag_ <标签名>：计算机的每个标签值

• __meta_azure_machine_scale_set：虚拟机所属的比例集的名称（仅当您使用比例集时才设置此值）

• __meta_azure_subscription_id：订阅ID

• __meta_azure_tenant_id：租户ID

请参阅以下有关Azure发现的配置选项：

# The information to access the Azure API.
# The Azure environment.
[ environment: <string> | default = AzurePublicCloud ]

# The authentication method, either OAuth or ManagedIdentity.
# See https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/managed-identities-azure-resources/overview
[ authentication_method: <string> | default = OAuth]
# The subscription ID. Always required.
subscription_id: <string>
# Optional tenant ID. Only required with authentication_method OAuth.
[ tenant_id: <string> ]
# Optional client ID. Only required with authentication_method OAuth.
[ client_id: <string> ]
# Optional client secret. Only required with authentication_method OAuth.
[ client_secret: <secret> ]

# Refresh interval to re-read the instance list.
[ refresh_interval: <duration> | default = 300s ]

# The port to scrape metrics from. If using the public IP address, this must
# instead be specified in the relabeling rule.
[ port: <int> | default = 80 ]

 

<consul_sd_config>

Consul SD配置允许从Consul的Catalog API检索抓取目标。

重新标记期间，以下meta标签可用于目标：

• __meta_consul_address：目标地址

• __meta_consul_dc：目标的数据中心名称

• __meta_consul_tagged_address_ <key>：每个节点标记的目标地址的键值

• __meta_consul_metadata_ <key>：目标的每个节点元数据键值