hdu 5378 Leader in Tree Land 2015多校联合训练赛 树形dp

Leader in Tree Land

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 65536/65536 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 169    Accepted Submission(s): 62

Problem Description

Tree land has  n  cities, connected by  n−1  roads. You can go to any city from any city. In other words, this land is a tree. The city numbered one is the root of this tree.

There are  n  ministers numbered from  1  to  n . You will send them to  n  cities, one city with one minister. 

Since this is a rooted tree, each city is a root of a subtree and there are  n  subtrees. The leader of a subtree is the minister with maximal number in this subtree. As you can see, one minister can be the leader of several subtrees. 

One day all the leaders attend a meet, you find that there are exactly  k  ministers. You want to know how many ways to send  n  ministers to each city so that there are  k  ministers attend the meet.

Give your answer mod  1000000007 .

 

Input

Multiple test cases. In the first line there is an integer  T , indicating the number of test cases. For each test case, first line contains two numbers  n,k . Next  n−1 line describe the roads of tree land.

T=10,1≤n≤1000,1≤k≤n

 

Output

For each test case, output one line. The output format is Case # x :  ans ,  x  is the case number,starting from  1 .

 

Sample Input

  
  

   
   2
3 2
1 2
1 3
10 8
2 1
3 2
4 1
5 3
6 1
7 3
8 7
9 7
10 6
  
  

 

Sample Output

  
  

   
   Case #1: 4
Case #2: 316512
  
  

 

Source

2015 Multi-University Training Contest 7

把1到n划分到n个结点的树种，子树的领导是这个子树中权值最大的点。

求n个结点的树种，领导为k个的情况数。

定义dp[u][i] 表示 子树u选择了i个领导的情况数。

假设处理了u的其他子树，  现在计算子树v

那么dp[u][i] = dp[u][j]*dp[v][i-j]

转移的时候只从有效状态进行转移，那么复杂度是O(n^2)的

对于每个跟，可以选这个点为领导有1种方案，不选它为领导有size[u]-1种方案。

因此得到两个有效状态。

对于一个子树v，规模为size[v]那么可以从没有使用的点中选着size[v]个点，那么

子树v有C(size[v],size[u]-1-用过的点数）中方案分点。所以处理完dp[v]需要乘以组合数

证明如下：归纳法

对于子树规模为K的子树，转移次数<=K*K

假设子树的复杂度 满足条件

对于u的子树的规模分别是k1,k2,k3 (这里假设为3个）

处理子树k1时，转移k1*2次即可,得到k1种有效状态（此时0状态其实没用了，算k1种即可），

处理k2时，转移的次数为k1*k2次，（背包的性质）

然后有(k1+k2)种有效状态了，再次转移是（k1+k2)*k3的复杂度

计算次数为 <= 2*k1 + k1*k2 + k1*k3+k2*k3 + k1*k1 + k2*k2 + k3*k3 (平方是因为子树的计算复杂度） 

<= (k1+k2+k3)*(k1+k2+k3) = k1*k1 + k2*k2 + k3*k3 + 2*k1*k2 + 2*k1*k3 + 2*k2*k3

显然k1*k2+k1*k3+k2*k3会比k1大。

证明完毕

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
#define maxn 1001
#define ll long long
ll mod = 1e9+7;
ll dp[maxn][maxn];
vector<int>head[maxn];
int size[maxn];
ll res[maxn];
ll C[maxn][maxn];
void dfs(int u,int f){
    size[u] = 1;
    for(int i = 0;i < head[u].size(); i++){
        int v = head[u][i];
        if(v == f) continue;
        dfs(v,u);
        size[u] += size[v];
    }
    dp[u][1] = 1;
    dp[u][0] = size[u] - 1;
    int e = 1;
    for(int i = 0;i < head[u].size(); i++){
        int v = head[u][i];
        if(v == f) continue;
        for(int j = 0;j <= size[v] + e; j++)
            res[j] = 0;
        for(int j = 0;j <= size[v]; j++)
                dp[v][j] = dp[v][j]*C[size[u]-e][size[v]]%mod;
        for(int k = e;k >= 0; k--){
            if(dp[u][k] == 0) continue;
            ll x = dp[u][k];
            for(int j = size[v];j >=0 ; j--){
                res[k+j] = (res[k+j] +  dp[v][j]*x ) % mod;
            }
        }
        e += size[v];
        for(int j = 0;j <= e; j++)
            dp[u][j] = res[j];
    }
}

int main(){
    memset(C,0,sizeof(C));
    for(int i = 0;i < maxn; i++){
        C[i][0] = 1;
        for(int j = 1;j <= i; j++)
            C[i][j] = (C[i-1][j] + C[i-1][j-1])%mod;
    }

    int t,n,k,tt=1;
    scanf("%d",&t);
    while(t--){
        scanf("%d%d",&n,&k);
        memset(dp,0,sizeof(dp));
        for(int i = 0;i <= n; i++)
            head[i].clear();
        int u,v;
        for(int i = 1;i < n; i++){
            scanf("%d%d",&u,&v);
            head[u].push_back(v);
            head[v].push_back(u);
        }
        memset(size,0,sizeof(size));
        dfs(1,0);
        printf("Case #%d: %I64d\n",tt++,dp[1][k]);
    }
    return 0;
}