P26 SpringCloud-Gateway网关的核心概念及配置(问题已解决,为版本不匹配问题)

fjj789

已于 2022-09-20 15:08:39 修改

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文章标签： spring cloud gateway java

于 2022-09-20 14:08:08 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/fjj789/article/details/126943073

版权

1.当我们每个微服务部署在多台服务器上,如果有一台服务器下线,就需要手动修改指定的服务器地址,如果有网关就可以自动切换到此微服务的其他服务器上.
2.后期可能每一种请求可能都需要相应的权限或监控,如果把这些功能都写在服务上就会有很多重复开发.

网关是请求浏览的入口，常用功能包括路由转发，权限校验，限流控制等。SpringCloud Gateway取代了zuul网关。

https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud-gateway

参考手册：https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-gateway/2.2.x/reference/html/

网关的三个核心
路由：路由网关的基本构建块。它由ID，目标URI，谓词集合和过滤器集合定义。如果聚合谓词为true，则匹配路由。
谓词(断言)：这是 Java 8 Function谓词。输入类型为 Spring Framework ServerWebExchange。这使开发人员可以匹配HTTP请求中的任何内容，例如标头或参数。
过滤器：这些是使用特定工厂构造的实例 Spring Framework GatewayFilter。在此，可以在发送下游请求之前或之后修改请求和响应。

请添加图片描述
请求到达网关,网关利用断言来判定此次请求是否符合路由规则,如符合还需要经过一系列的filter来过滤最后才能到达指定位置.

难点主要集中在路由规则及断言该怎么完成,应该使用哪些filter.

113.配置路由谓词工厂和网关过滤工厂

有两种配置谓词和过滤器的方法：快捷方式和完全扩展的参数。下面的大多数示例都使用快捷方式。

名称和自变量名称将在第一部分或每部分的两个部分中以code的形式列出。参数通常按快捷方式配置所需的顺序列出。
113.1快捷方式配置

快捷方式配置由过滤器名称识别，后跟等号（=），后跟由逗号分隔的参数值（,）。

application.yml。

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: after_route
        uri: https://example.org
        predicates:
        - Cookie=mycookie,mycookievalue

先前的示例使用两个参数定义了Cookie Route Predicate Factory，即cookie名称mycookie和与mycookievalue相匹配的值。
113.2完全展开的参数

完全扩展的参数看起来更像带有名称/值对的标准Yaml配置。通常，将有一个name键和一个args键。args键是用于配置谓词或过滤器的键值对的映射。

application.yml。

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: after_route
        uri: https://example.org
        predicates:
        - name: Cookie
          args:
            name: mycookie
            regexp: mycookievalue

这是上面显示的Cookie谓词的快捷方式配置的完整配置。

https://www.springcloud.cc/spring-cloud-greenwich.html#_spring_cloud_gateway
官方文档中有各种断言或路由规则
新建application.yml
增加配置

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: test_route
          uri: https://www.baidu.com
          predicates:
            - Query=url,baidu
        - id: qq_route
          uri: https://www.qq.com
          predicates:
            - Query=url,qq

启动服务后网页发送请求
127.0.0.1:88/hello?url=baidu
127.0.0.1:88/hello?url=qq

均无法跳转到对应页面

请添加图片描述 idea对应的网关服务console也报错

2022-09-20 11:20:02.242 ERROR 6492 --- [ctor-http-nio-7] reactor.netty.http.server.HttpServer     : [id: 0x722b6cc4, L:/127.0.0.1:88 - R:/127.0.0.1:4657] 

java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: reactor.netty.http.client.HttpClient.chunkedTransfer(Z)Lreactor/netty/http/client/HttpClient;
	at org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.NettyRoutingFilter.filter(NettyRoutingFilter.java:125) ~[spring-cloud-gateway-core-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar:2.1.3.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.cloud.gateway.handler.FilteringWebHandler$GatewayFilterAdapter.filter(FilteringWebHandler.java:138) ~[spring-cloud-gateway-core-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar:2.1.3.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.OrderedGatewayFilter.filter(OrderedGatewayFilter.java:44) ~[spring-cloud-gateway-core-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar:2.1.3.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.cloud.gateway.handler.FilteringWebHandler$DefaultGatewayFilterChain.lambda$filter$0(FilteringWebHandler.java:118) ~[spring-cloud-gateway-core-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar:2.1.3.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoDefer.subscribe(MonoDefer.java:44) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoDefer.subscribe(MonoDefer.java:52) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoDefer.subscribe(MonoDefer.java:52) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoDefer.subscribe(MonoDefer.java:52) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoDefer.subscribe(MonoDefer.java:52) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.Mono.subscribe(Mono.java:4210) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoIgnoreThen$ThenIgnoreMain.drain(MonoIgnoreThen.java:172) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoIgnoreThen.subscribe(MonoIgnoreThen.java:56) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.InternalMonoOperator.subscribe(InternalMonoOperator.java:55) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoDefer.subscribe(MonoDefer.java:52) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoDefer.subscribe(MonoDefer.java:52) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.InternalMonoOperator.subscribe(InternalMonoOperator.java:55) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoDefer.subscribe(MonoDefer.java:52) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.Mono.subscribe(Mono.java:4210) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoIgnoreThen$ThenIgnoreMain.drain(MonoIgnoreThen.java:172) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoIgnoreThen.subscribe(MonoIgnoreThen.java:56) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoFlatMap$FlatMapMain.onNext(MonoFlatMap.java:150) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxSwitchIfEmpty$SwitchIfEmptySubscriber.onNext(FluxSwitchIfEmpty.java:67) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoNext$NextSubscriber.onNext(MonoNext.java:76) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxConcatMap$ConcatMapImmediate.innerNext(FluxConcatMap.java:274) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxConcatMap$ConcatMapInner.onNext(FluxConcatMap.java:851) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxMap$MapSubscriber.onNext(FluxMap.java:114) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxSwitchIfEmpty$SwitchIfEmptySubscriber.onNext(FluxSwitchIfEmpty.java:67) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.Operators$MonoSubscriber.complete(Operators.java:1712) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoFlatMap$FlatMapMain.onNext(MonoFlatMap.java:144) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxMap$MapSubscriber.onNext(FluxMap.java:114) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoNext$NextSubscriber.onNext(MonoNext.java:76) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxConcatMap$ConcatMapImmediate.innerNext(FluxConcatMap.java:274) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxConcatMap$ConcatMapInner.onNext(FluxConcatMap.java:851) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxOnErrorResume$ResumeSubscriber.onNext(FluxOnErrorResume.java:73) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoPeekTerminal$MonoTerminalPeekSubscriber.onNext(MonoPeekTerminal.java:173) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.Operators$MonoSubscriber.complete(Operators.java:1712) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoFilterWhen$MonoFilterWhenMain.onNext(MonoFilterWhen.java:140) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.Operators$ScalarSubscription.request(Operators.java:2274) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoFilterWhen$MonoFilterWhenMain.onSubscribe(MonoFilterWhen.java:103) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoJust.subscribe(MonoJust.java:54) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.Mono.subscribe(Mono.java:4210) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxConcatMap$ConcatMapImmediate.drain(FluxConcatMap.java:441) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxConcatMap$ConcatMapImmediate.onNext(FluxConcatMap.java:243) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxDematerialize$DematerializeSubscriber.onNext(FluxDematerialize.java:91) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxDematerialize$DematerializeSubscriber.onNext(FluxDematerialize.java:38) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxIterable$IterableSubscription.slowPath(FluxIterable.java:267) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxIterable$IterableSubscription.request(FluxIterable.java:225) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxDematerialize$DematerializeSubscriber.request(FluxDematerialize.java:120) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxConcatMap$ConcatMapImmediate.onSubscribe(FluxConcatMap.java:228) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxDematerialize$DematerializeSubscriber.onSubscribe(FluxDematerialize.java:70) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxIterable.subscribe(FluxIterable.java:161) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxIterable.subscribe(FluxIterable.java:86) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.InternalFluxOperator.subscribe(InternalFluxOperator.java:53) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxDefer.subscribe(FluxDefer.java:54) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.Mono.subscribe(Mono.java:4210) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxConcatMap$ConcatMapImmediate.drain(FluxConcatMap.java:441) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxConcatMap$ConcatMapImmediate.onSubscribe(FluxConcatMap.java:211) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxIterable.subscribe(FluxIterable.java:161) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.FluxIterable.subscribe(FluxIterable.java:86) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.InternalMonoOperator.subscribe(InternalMonoOperator.java:55) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoDefer.subscribe(MonoDefer.java:52) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.InternalMonoOperator.subscribe(InternalMonoOperator.java:55) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoDefer.subscribe(MonoDefer.java:52) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.Mono.subscribe(Mono.java:4210) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoIgnoreThen$ThenIgnoreMain.drain(MonoIgnoreThen.java:172) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.MonoIgnoreThen.subscribe(MonoIgnoreThen.java:56) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.core.publisher.InternalMonoOperator.subscribe(InternalMonoOperator.java:55) ~[reactor-core-3.3.4.RELEASE.jar:3.3.4.RELEASE]
	at reactor.netty.http.server.HttpServerHandle.onStateChange(HttpServerHandle.java:64) ~[reactor-netty-0.9.6.RELEASE.jar:0.9.6.RELEASE]
	at reactor.netty.tcp.TcpServerBind$ChildObserver.onStateChange(TcpServerBind.java:228) [reactor-netty-0.9.6.RELEASE.jar:0.9.6.RELEASE]
	at reactor.netty.http.server.HttpServerOperations.onInboundNext(HttpServerOperations.java:465) [reactor-netty-0.9.6.RELEASE.jar:0.9.6.RELEASE]
	at reactor.netty.channel.ChannelOperationsHandler.channelRead(ChannelOperationsHandler.java:90) [reactor-netty-0.9.6.RELEASE.jar:0.9.6.RELEASE]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:379) [netty-transport-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:365) [netty-transport-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:357) [netty-transport-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at reactor.netty.http.server.HttpTrafficHandler.channelRead(HttpTrafficHandler.java:170) [reactor-netty-0.9.6.RELEASE.jar:0.9.6.RELEASE]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:379) [netty-transport-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:365) [netty-transport-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:357) [netty-transport-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.CombinedChannelDuplexHandler$DelegatingChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(CombinedChannelDuplexHandler.java:436) [netty-transport-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.fireChannelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:321) [netty-codec-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:295) [netty-codec-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.CombinedChannelDuplexHandler.channelRead(CombinedChannelDuplexHandler.java:251) [netty-transport-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:379) [netty-transport-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:365) [netty-transport-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:357) [netty-transport-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline$HeadContext.channelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:1410) [netty-transport-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:379) [netty-transport-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:365) [netty-transport-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.fireChannelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:919) [netty-transport-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioByteChannel$NioByteUnsafe.read(AbstractNioByteChannel.java:163) [netty-transport-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKey(NioEventLoop.java:714) [netty-transport-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeysOptimized(NioEventLoop.java:650) [netty-transport-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeys(NioEventLoop.java:576) [netty-transport-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.run(NioEventLoop.java:493) [netty-transport-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$4.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:989) [netty-common-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.util.internal.ThreadExecutorMap$2.run(ThreadExecutorMap.java:74) [netty-common-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30) [netty-common-4.1.48.Final.jar:4.1.48.Final]
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745) [na:1.8.0_111]

问题已解决

原Spring Cloud Alibaba Version与Spring Boot Version版本不匹配导致出现问题
根据官方版本文档:https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/wiki/%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E
更改为匹配的版本后问题解决

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P26 SpringCloud-Gateway网关的核心概念及配置(问题已解决,为版本不匹配问题)

1.当我们每个微服务部署在多台服务器上,如果有一台服务器下线,就需要手动修改指定的服务器地址,如果有网关就可以自动切换到此微服务的其他服务器上.2.后期可能每一种请求可能都需要相应的权限或监控,如果把这些功能都写在服务上就会有很多重复开发.网关是请求浏览的入口，常用功能包括路由转发，权限校验，限流控制等。SpringCloud Gateway取代了zuul网关。https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud-gateway参考手册：https://cloud.spring.
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