C++ Primer Plus 第六版课后习题答案（第十一章）

• 第一题：

vector.h

#ifndef VECTOR_H_
#define VECTOR_H_

#include <vector>
namespace VECTOR
{
    class Vector
    {
        public:
          enum Mode {RECT, POL};
        private:
          double x;
          double y;
          double mag;
          double ang;
          Mode mode;
          void set_mag();
          void set_ang();
          void set_x();
          void set_y();
        public:
          Vector();
          Vector(double n1, double n2, Mode form = RECT);
          void reset(double n1, double n2, Mode form = RECT);
          ~Vector();
          double xval() const {return x;}
          double yval() const {return y;}
          double magval() const {return mag;}
          double angval() const {return ang;}
          void polar_mode();
          void rect_mode();
          Vector operator+(const Vector& b) const;
          Vector operator-(const Vector& b) const;
          Vector operator-() const;
          Vector operator*(double n) const;
          friend Vector operator*(double n, const Vector& a);
          friend std::ostream &
                 operator << (std::ostream& os, const Vector& v);
    };
}

#endif

vector.cpp

#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include "vector.h"

using std::sqrt;
using std::sin;
using std::cos;
using std::atan;
using std::atan2;
using std::cout;

namespace VECTOR
{
    const double Rad_to_deg = 45.0 / atan(1.0);
    void Vector::set_mag()
    {
        mag = sqrt(x * x + y * y);
    }

    void Vector::set_ang()
    {
        if (x == 0 && y == 0)
            ang = 0.0;
        else
            ang = atan2(y, x);
    }

    void Vector::set_x()
    {
        x = mag * cos(ang);
    }
    void Vector::set_y()
    {
        y = mag * sin(ang);
    }
    Vector::Vector()
    {
        x = y = mag = ang = 0.0;
        mode = RECT;
    }
    Vector::Vector(double n1, double n2, Mode form)
    {
        mode = form;
        if (form == RECT)
        {
            x = n1;
            y = n2;
            set_mag();
            set_ang();
        }
        else if (form == POL)
        {
            mag = n1;
            ang = n2 / Rad_to_deg;
            set_x();
            set_y();
        }
        else
        {
            cout << "Incorrect 3rd argument to Vector() -- ";
            cout << "vector set to 0\n";
            x = y = mag = ang = 0.0;
            mode = RECT;
        }
    }
    void Vector::reset(double n1, double n2, Mode form)
    {
        mode = form;
        if (form == RECT)
        {
            x = n1;
            y = n2;
            set_mag();
            set_ang();
        }
        else if (form == POL)
        {
            mag = n1;
            ang = n2 / Rad_to_deg;
            set_x();
            set_y();
        }
        else
        {
            cout << "Incorrect 3rd argument to Vector() -- ";
            cout << "vector set to 0\n";
            x = y = mag = ang = 0.0;
            mode = RECT;
        }
    }
    Vector::~Vector(){}

    void Vector::polar_mode()
    {
        mode = POL;
    }
    void Vector::rect_mode()
    {
        mode = RECT;
    }
    Vector Vector::operator+(const Vector& b) const
    {
        return Vector(x+b.x , y+b.y);
    }
    Vector Vector::operator-(const Vector& b) const
    {
        return Vector(x - b.x, y - b.y);
    }
    Vector Vector::operator-() const
    {
        return Vector(-x, -y);
    }

    Vector Vector::operator*(double n) const
    {
        return Vector(n*x, n*y);
    }
    Vector operator*(double n, const Vector& a)
    {
        return a*n;
    }
    std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& os, const Vector& v)
    {
        if (v.mode == Vector::RECT)
            os << "(x,y) = (" << v.x << ", " << v.y << ")";
        else if (v.mode == Vector::POL)
        {
            os << "(m,a) = (" << v.mag << ", "
               << v.ang * Rad_to_deg << ")";
        }
        else
            os << "Vector object mode is invalid";
        return os;
    }
}

11_1.cpp

#include <fstream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include "vector.h"

int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    using VECTOR::Vector;
    srand(time(0));
    ofstream OutFile;
    double direction;
    Vector step;
    Vector result(0.0, 0.0);
    unsigned long steps = 0;
    int target = 100;
    int dstep = 20;
    OutFile.open("randwalk.txt");
    OutFile << "Target Distance: " << target
            << ", Step Size: " << dstep << std::endl;
    while (result.magval() < target)
    {
        OutFile << steps++ << ": (x,y) = ("
                << result.xval() << ", " << result.yval() << ")\n";
        direction = rand() % 360;
        step.reset(dstep, direction, Vector::POL);
        result = result + step;
    }
    OutFile << "After " << steps << " steps, the subject has following location:\n"
            <<