Netty的拆包粘包问题

枫叶梨花

于 2023-09-08 09:10:33 发布

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文章标签： java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/flash_love/article/details/132752718

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Netty使用的是TCP/IP协议，必然会遇到拆包粘包的问题，Netty也给出了相关的解决方案，记录下Netty如何解决拆包粘包问题。

TCP/IP协议是"流"协议,就是类似水流一样的数据传输方式，当我们多次请求的时候，就会存在多发送和少发送的问题，也就是拆包粘包问题，简单来讲，粘包就是本来想独立发送M、N两个数据，但是最后把M、N一起发送了，把MN粘在一起了，就是粘包；发送M数据的时候，M被拆了几份，但是不是自己主动拆的，而是TCP自动拆的，就是拆包。

Netty的解决方案：

1、消息定长
2、特殊结束符
3、协议

基础Netty的程序

服务端

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.FixedLengthFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;

public class Server {
    //监听线程组，监听客户端请求
    private EventLoopGroup acceptorGroup = null;
    //处理客户端相关操作线程组，负责处理与客户端的数据通讯
    private EventLoopGroup clientGroup = null;
    //服务端启动相关配置信息
    private ServerBootstrap bootstrap = null;

    public Server(){
        init();
    }

    private void init() {
        //初始化线程组
        acceptorGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        clientGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        //初始化服务端配置
        bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
        //绑定线程组
        bootstrap.group(acceptorGroup,clientGroup)
        //设定通讯模式为NIO，同步非阻塞
        .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
        //设定缓冲区的大小 缓存区的单位是字节
        .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
        //SO_SNDBUF 发送缓冲区 SO_RCVBUF 接受缓冲区  SO_KEEPALIVE 开启心跳监测(保证连接有效)
        .option(ChannelOption.SO_SNDBUF, 16*1024)
                .option(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF, 16*1024)
                .option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);

    }

    /**
     * 监听处理逻辑
     * @param port 端口
     * @return
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    public ChannelFuture getChannelFuture(int port ) throws InterruptedException{
        bootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
            @Override
            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {        
                //字符串解码器handler，会自动处理channelRead方法的msg参数，将ByteBuf类型的数据转换为字符串
                ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
                ch.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHandler());
            }
        });
        ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(port).sync();
        return future;
    }

    public void release(){
        this.acceptorGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        this.clientGroup.shutdownGracefully();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ChannelFuture future = null;
        Server server = null;

        try{
            server = new Server();
            future = server.getChannelFuture(9999);
            System.out.println("server started ... ");

            future.channel().closeFuture().sync();

        }catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(null != future){
                try {
                    future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(null != server){
                server.release();
            }
        }    
    }
}

服务端消息处理器

import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;

public class ServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {

        String message = msg.toString();

        System.out.println("from client : "+ message);

        String line = "ok";
        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(line.getBytes("UTF-8")));
    }

    /**
     * 异常处理逻辑，当客户端异常退出时，也会运行
     *     ChannelHandlerContext关闭，也代表当前客户端连接的资源关闭
     */
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("server exceptionCaught method run...");
        ctx.close();
    }
}

客户端

import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.FixedLengthFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;

public class Client {

    //处理请求和处理服务端响应的线程组
    private EventLoopGroup group = null;

    //客户启动相关配置信息
    private Bootstrap bootstrap = null;

    public Client(){
        init();
    }

    private void init() {
        group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        bootstrap= new Bootstrap();
        //绑定线程组
        bootstrap.group(group);
        //设定通讯模式为NIO，同步非阻塞
        bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
    }

    public ChannelFuture getChannelFuture(String host,int port) throws InterruptedException{
        this.bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {    

                //字符串解码器handler，会自动处理channelRead方法的msg参数，将ByteBuf类型的数据转换为字符串
                ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
                ch.pipeline().addLast(new ClientHandler());
            }
        });

        ChannelFuture future = this.bootstrap.connect(host,port).sync();
        return future;
    }

    public void release(){
        this.group.shutdownGracefully();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Client client = null;
        ChannelFuture future = null;
        Scanner scanner =null;
        try {
            client = new Client();
            future = client.getChannelFuture("localhost", 9999);

            while(true){
                scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
                System.out.println("enter message send to server > ");
                String line = scanner.nextLine();
                future.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(line.getBytes("UTF-8")));
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            if(null != scanner){
                scanner.close();
            }
            if(null != future){
                try {
                    future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(null != client){
                client.release();
            }
        }
    }
}

客户端消息处理器

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.util.ReferenceCountUtil;

public class ClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        try{

            String message = msg.toString();
            System.out.println("from server : "+message);
        }finally {
            //用于释放缓存。避免内存溢出
            ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
        }

    }

    /**
     * 异常处理逻辑，当客户端异常退出时，也会运行
     *     ChannelHandlerContext关闭，也代表当前客户端连接的资源关闭
     */
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("client exceptionCaught method run...");
        ctx.close();
    }
}

Netty解决方案

消息定长

数据用一定的长度发送，如果数据长度不够使用空白字符代替。

在以下方法中添加定长消息的Handler

public ChannelFuture getChannelFuture(int port ) throws InterruptedException{
    bootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
        @Override
        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {    
            //通过构造参数设置消息长度(单位是字节)
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(3));    
            //字符串解码器handler，会自动处理channelRead方法的msg参数，将ByteBuf类型的数据转换为字符串
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHandler());
        }
    });
    ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(port).sync();
    return future;
}

上述是其中一个Handler，其中还有一个LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder它是从头部字段确定为帧长，然后从数据流中提取指定的字节数。

特殊结束符

客户端和服务端协商特殊的分隔符，以此为结束符。

在以下方法中添加处理分隔符的Handler

public ChannelFuture getChannelFuture(int port ) throws InterruptedException{
    bootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
        @Override
        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {    
            //数据分割符,定义的数据分隔符一定是一个ByteBuf类型的数据对象
            ByteBuf delimiter = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("$E$".getBytes());
            //使用特殊符号分割
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(1024,delimiter));    
            //字符串解码器handler，会自动处理channelRead方法的msg参数，将ByteBuf类型的数据转换为字符串
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHandler());
        }
    });
    ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(port).sync();
    return future;
}

除了上述的一个Handler，还有一个LineBasedFrameDecoder它是提取由行尾符(\r或\r\n)分割的Handler。它比DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder效率高。