JAVA并发CountDownLatch、CyclicBarrier、Semaphore

CountDownLatch

一个同步辅助类，在完成一组正在其他线程中执行的操作之前，它允许一个或多个线程一直等待。
主要方法
public CountDownLatch(int count);
public void countDown();
public void await() throws InterruptedException

构造方法参数指定了计数的次数
countDown方法，当前线程调用此方法，则计数减一
awaint方法，调用此方法会一直阻塞当前线程，直到计时器的值为0

例子

public class CountDownLatchDemo {  
    final static SimpleDateFormat sdf=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {  
        CountDownLatch latch=new CountDownLatch(2);//两个工人的协作  
        Worker worker1=new Worker("zhang san", 5000, latch);  
        Worker worker2=new Worker("li si", 8000, latch);  
        worker1.start();//  
        worker2.start();//  
        latch.await();//等待所有工人完成工作  
        System.out.println("all work done at "+sdf.format(new Date()));  
    }  


    static class Worker extends Thread{  
        String workerName;   
        int workTime;  
        CountDownLatch latch;  
        public Worker(String workerName ,int workTime ,CountDownLatch latch){  
             this.workerName=workerName;  
             this.workTime=workTime;  
             this.latch=latch;  
        }  
        public void run(){  
            System.out.println("Worker "+workerName+" do work begin at "+sdf.format(new Date()));  
            doWork();//工作了  
            System.out.println("Worker "+workerName+" do work complete at "+sdf.format(new Date()));  
            latch.countDown();//工人完成工作，计数器减一  

        }  

        private void doWork(){  
            try {  
                Thread.sleep(workTime);  
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  


}  

---

CyclicBarrier

CyclicBarrier初始化时规定一个数目，然后计算调用了CyclicBarrier.await()进入等待的线程数。当线程数达到了这个数目时，所有进入等待状态的线程被唤醒并继续。
CyclicBarrier就象它名字的意思一样，可看成是个障碍， 所有的线程必须到齐后才能一起通过这个障碍。
CyclicBarrier初始时还可带一个Runnable的参数， 此Runnable任务在CyclicBarrier的数目达到后，所有其它线程被唤醒前被执行。

public class TestCyclicBarrier {

    private static final int THREAD_NUM = 5;

    public static class WorkerThread implements Runnable{

        CyclicBarrier barrier;

        public WorkerThread(CyclicBarrier b){
            this.barrier = b;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            try{
                System.out.println("Worker's waiting");
                //线程在这里等待，直到所有线程都到达barrier。
                barrier.await();
                System.out.println("ID:"+Thread.currentThread().getId()+" Working");
            }catch(Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }

    /**
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        CyclicBarrier cb = new CyclicBarrier(THREAD_NUM, new Runnable() {
            //当所有线程到达barrier时执行
            @Override
            public void run() {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                System.out.println("Inside Barrier");

            }
        });

        for(int i=0;i<THREAD_NUM;i++){
            new Thread(new WorkerThread(cb)).start();
        }
    }

}
/*
以下是输出：
Worker's waiting
Worker's waiting
Worker's waiting
Worker's waiting
Worker's waiting
Inside Barrier
ID:12 Working
ID:8 Working
ID:11 Working
ID:9 Working
ID:10 Working
*/

Semaphore

Semaphore 直译是信号量，可能称它是许可量更容易理解。当然，因为在计算机科学中这个名字由来已久，所以不能乱改。它的功能比较好理解，就是通过构造函数设定一个数量的许可，然后通过 acquire 方法获得许可，release 方法释放许可。它还有 tryAcquire 和 acquireUninterruptibly 方法，可以根据自己的需要选择

class Pool {  
    private static final int MAX_AVAILABLE = 100;  
    private final Semaphore available = new Semaphore(MAX_AVAILABLE, true);  

    public Object getItem() throws InterruptedException {  
        available.acquire();  
        return getNextAvailableItem();  
    }  

    public void putItem(Object x) {  
        if (markAsUnused(x))  
            available.release();  
    }  

    // Not a particularly efficient data structure; just for demo  

    protected Object[] items = ... whatever kinds of items being managed  
    protected boolean[] used = new boolean[MAX_AVAILABLE];  

    protected synchronized Object getNextAvailableItem() {  
        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_AVAILABLE; ++i) {  
            if (!used[i]) {  
                used[i] = true;  
                return items[i];  
            }  
        }  
        return null; // not reached  
    }  

    protected synchronized boolean markAsUnused(Object item) {  
        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_AVAILABLE; ++i) {  
            if (item == items[i]) {  
                if (used[i]) {  
                    used[i] = false;  
                    return true;  
                } else 
                    return false;  
            }  
        }  
        return false;  
    }  
}

总结下

CountDownLatch 是能使一组线程等另一组线程都跑完了再继续跑；CyclicBarrier 能够使一组线程在一个时间点上达到同步，可以是一起开始执行全部任务或者一部分任务。同时，它是可以循环使用的；Semaphore 是只允许一定数量的线程同时执行一段任务。