死磕设计模式之---责任链模式

责任链模式

介绍

责任链模式（Chain of Responsibility Pattern）为请求创建了一个接收者对象的链。这种模式给予请求的类型，对请求的发送者和接收者进行解耦。这种类型的设计模式属于行为型模式。

在这种模式中，通常每个接收者都包含对另一个接收者的引用。如果一个对象不能处理该请求，那么它会把相同的请求传给下一个接收者，依此类推。

主要解决： 职责链上的处理者负责处理请求，客户只需要将请求发送到职责链上即可，无须关心请求的处理细节和请求的传递，所以职责链将请求的发送者和请求的处理者解耦了。

如何解决：拦截的类都实现统一接口。

关键代码： Handler 里面聚合它自己，在 HandlerRequest 里判断是否合适，如果没达到条件则向下传递，向谁传递之前 set 进去。

步骤 1

创建抽象的记录器类。

AbstractLogger.java

public abstract class AbstractLogger {
   public static int INFO = 1;
   public static int DEBUG = 2;
   public static int ERROR = 3;
 
   protected int level;
 
   //责任链中的下一个元素
   protected AbstractLogger nextLogger;
 
   public void setNextLogger(AbstractLogger nextLogger){
      this.nextLogger = nextLogger;
   }
 
   public void logMessage(int level, String message){
      if(this.level <= level){
         write(message);
      }
      if(nextLogger !=null){
         nextLogger.logMessage(level, message);
      }
   }
 
   abstract protected void write(String message);
   
}

步骤 2

创建扩展了该记录器类的实体类。

ConsoleLogger.java

public class ConsoleLogger extends AbstractLogger {
 
   public ConsoleLogger(int level){
      this.level = level;
   }
 
   @Override
   protected void write(String message) {    
      System.out.println("Standard Console::Logger: " + message);
   }
}

ErrorLogger.java

public class ErrorLogger extends AbstractLogger {
 
   public ErrorLogger(int level){
      this.level = level;
   }
 
   @Override
   protected void write(String message) {    
      System.out.println("Error Console::Logger: " + message);
   }
}

FileLogger.java

public class FileLogger extends AbstractLogger {
 
   public FileLogger(int level){
      this.level = level;
   }
 
   @Override
   protected void write(String message) {    
      System.out.println("File::Logger: " + message);
   }
}

步骤 3

创建不同类型的记录器。赋予它们不同的错误级别，并在每个记录器中设置下一个记录器。每个记录器中的下一个记录器代表的是链的一部分。

ChainPatternDemo.java

public class ChainPatternDemo {
   
   private static AbstractLogger getChainOfLoggers(){
 
      AbstractLogger errorLogger = new ErrorLogger(AbstractLogger.ERROR);
      AbstractLogger fileLogger = new FileLogger(AbstractLogger.DEBUG);
      AbstractLogger consoleLogger = new ConsoleLogger(AbstractLogger.INFO);
 
      errorLogger.setNextLogger(fileLogger);
      fileLogger.setNextLogger(consoleLogger);
 
      return errorLogger;  
   }
 
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      AbstractLogger loggerChain = getChainOfLoggers();
 
      loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.INFO, "This is an information.");
 
      loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.DEBUG, 
         "This is a debug level information.");
 
      loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.ERROR, 
         "This is an error information.");
   }
}

进化后的模式

/***
 * 基础审批
 */
public interface BaseApprove {

    //上级领导标示
    String lead_Manager = "Manager";

    String lead_CEO = "CEO";

    //审批
    void approval(People people,BaseApprove approve);
}

/**
 * 审批责任链
 */
public class ApproveChain implements BaseApprove{


    private int index = 0;

    public List<BaseApprove> approveChain = new ArrayList<BaseApprove>();


    public ApproveChain addApproveChain(BaseApprove approve){
        this.approveChain.add(approve);
        return this;
    }

    public void approval(People people,BaseApprove baseApprove) {
        //已经走完责任链直接返回
        if(index == approveChain.size())return;

        BaseApprove approve = approveChain.get(index);

        index++;

        approve.approval(people,this);
    }
}

public class CEOApprove implements BaseApprove{

    public void approval(People people,BaseApprove approve) {

        if(lead_CEO.equals(people.getLead())){
            System.out.println(people.getContent() + lead_CEO + "[批准了]");
        }else{
            approve.approval(people,approve);
        }

    }
}

public class ManagerApprove implements BaseApprove{


    public void approval(People people,BaseApprove approve) {
        if(lead_Manager.equals(people.getLead())){
            System.out.println(people.getContent()+lead_Manager +"[批准了]");
        }else{
            approve.approval(people,approve);
        }

    }
}

public class People {

    private String content;

    private String lead;

    public String getContent() {
        return content;
    }

    public void setContent(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }

    public String getLead() {
        return lead;
    }

    public void setLead(String lead) {
        this.lead = lead;
    }
}

public class ChainTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //组装责任链条
        ApproveChain chain = new ApproveChain();
        chain.addApproveChain(new ManagerApprove()).addApproveChain(new CEOApprove());

        People people = new People();
        people.setContent("世界很大，我想去看看");
        people.setLead("Manager");

        chain.approval(people,chain);
    }
}

参考：https://www.runoob.com/design-pattern/chain-of-responsibility-pattern.html