官网说明：Python 2 or 3区别

In summary : Python 2.x is legacy, Python 3.x is the present and future of the language

          
          
Python 3.0 was released in 2008. The final 2.x version 2.7 release came out in mid-2010, with a statement of
extended support for this end-of-life release. The 2.x branch will see no new major releases after that. 3.x is
under active development and has already seen over five years of stable releases, including version 3.3 in 2012,
3.4 in 2014, and 3.5 in 2015. This means that all recent standard library improvements, for example, are only
available by default in Python 3.x.
Guido van Rossum (the original creator of the Python language) decided to clean up Python 2.x properly, 
with less regard for backwards compatibility than is the case for new releases in the 2.x range. 
The most drastic improvement is the better Unicode support (with all text strings being Unicode by default) as well as saner bytes/Unicode separation.
Besides, several aspects of the core language (such as print and exec being statements, 
integers using floor division) have been adjusted to be easier for newcomers to learn and to be more consistent with the rest of the language,
 and old cruft has been removed (for example, all classes are now new-style, "range()" returns a memory efficient iterable,
 not a list as in 2.x). 

py2与3的详细区别

• PRINT IS A FUNCTION
  

    The statement has been replaced with a print() function, with keyword arguments to replace most of the special syntax of the old statement (PEP 3105). Examples: 

         
         
Old: print "The answer is", 2*2 
New: print("The answer is", 2*2)

Old: print x, # Trailing comma suppresses newline 【不换行】
New: print(x, end=" ") # Appends a space instead of a newline 【不换行】

Old: print # Prints a newline 【换行】
New: print() # You must call the function!【换行】

Old: print >>sys.stderr, "fatal error" 
New: print("fatal error", file=sys.stderr)【标准错误】

Old: print (x, y) # prints repr((x, y))
New: print((x, y)) # Not the same as print(x, y)!

• You can also customize the separator between items[定制分隔符], e.g.: 

         
         
print("There are <", 2**32, "> possibilities!", sep="")

• ALL IS UNICODE NOW
  

               
               
从此不再为讨厌的字符编码而烦恼

• 还可以这样玩： (A,*REST,B)=RANGE(5)
  

                  
                  
>>> a,*rest,b = range(5)
>>> a,rest,b
(0, [1, 2, 3], 4)

• 某些库改名了

Old Name[pyton2]	New Name[pyton3]
_winreg	winreg
ConfigParser	configparser
copy_reg	copyreg
Queue	queue
SocketServer	socketserver
markupbase	_markupbase
repr	reprlib
test.test_support	test.support