JAVA 文件IO简单总结

1） I/O

读写流，一定是Blocking的。

效率较好的用法是，使用Buffer。例如BufferReader，每次先读取指定大小的内容到Buffer中，而不是每次读取一个字节

读取文件代码例：

		String line = null;
		try(BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("filename"))) {
			;
			while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
				// do something
			}
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} 

Stream的家族十分庞大，下图是搜索到的一个较全的概括

 

另附PrintWriter和Filewriter的对比：

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5759925/printwriter-vs-filewriter-in-java

2）NIO

※使用FileChannel读取文件，无法按行读取，但是可以获取/指定当前位置(Position)

	RandomAccessFile aFile = new RandomAccessFile("filename", "r");
        FileChannel inChannel = aFile.getChannel();
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        while(inChannel.read(buffer) > 0)
        {
            // 转换到读取模式
            buffer.flip();
            
            // 处理Buffer
            
            // clear或者compact
            buffer.clear();
        }
        inChannel.close();
        aFile.close();

与read对应的Write方法负责写入

ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(48);
buf.clear();
buf.put(newData.getBytes());

buf.flip();

while(buf.hasRemaining()) {
    channel.write(buf);
}

※读取大文件，可以使用内存映射的MapperedByteBuffer,内存映射不直接将文件读入物理内存

		RandomAccessFile aFile = new RandomAccessFile("filename", "r");
		FileChannel inChannel = aFile.getChannel();
		MappedByteBuffer buffer = inChannel.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, inChannel.size());
		buffer.load();
		// Do Something
		buffer.clear();
		inChannel.close();
		aFile.close();

※NIO提供Path接口代替File类，并且提供Paths、Files工具类方便操作

例如，读取小文件的所有内容，只需以下步骤：

		Path path = Paths.get("filepath");
		new String(Files.readAllBytes(path), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

※AsynchronousFileChannel可以实现异步读取，通过Future或者 CompletionHandler控制

fileChannel.read方法返回一个Future，在执行完成后operation.isDone()将会返回true

AsynchronousFileChannel fileChannel = 
    AsynchronousFileChannel.open(path, StandardOpenOption.READ);

ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
long position = 0;

Future<Integer> operation = fileChannel.read(buffer, position);

while(!operation.isDone());

buffer.flip();
byte[] data = new byte[buffer.limit()];
buffer.get(data);
System.out.println(new String(data));
buffer.clear();

当read方法获取到 CompletionHandler参数后，将在读取完成时回调completed方法

fileChannel.read(buffer, position, buffer, new CompletionHandler<Integer, ByteBuffer>() {
    @Override
    public void completed(Integer result, ByteBuffer attachment) {
        System.out.println("result = " + result);

        attachment.flip();
        byte[] data = new byte[attachment.limit()];
        attachment.get(data);
        System.out.println(new String(data));
        attachment.clear();
    }

    @Override
    public void failed(Throwable exc, ByteBuffer attachment) {

    }
});

参考文章：

http://blog.csdn.net/yczz/article/details/38761237

http://www.cnblogs.com/xubenben/p/4424398.html

http://tutorials.jenkov.com/java-nio/index.html