理解对象clone及数组clone

例1：

/**
 @version 1.0  2008-10-9
 @author zzg
 用于试验clone方法及Cloneable接口，用到2个类。
 父类Employee，父类的对象实例域hireDay
 子类Manager，子类的对象实例域dutyDay
 Cloneable是接口标识，它并未定义任何方法。
 */
import java.util.*;

public class CloneTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  try {
   /*
    * 1) clone
    * 方法必须是public的，否则只能在本类或子类中调用，因Object对象中的clone方法是protected的。
    * 注：请确保父类的clone方法未被注释 试验：请尝试注释掉父类中的clone方法，观察语句：Employee copy =
    * original.clone();
    */
   Employee original = new Employee("John", 50000);
   original.setHireDay(2000, 1, 1);
   Employee copy = original.clone();
   copy.raiseSalary(10);
   copy.changeHireDay(2002, 12, 31);
   System.out.println("original=" + original);
   System.out.println("copy=" + copy);

   /*
    * 2）如果父类实现了clone方法，子类未实现clone方法，则无法用子类对象在CloneTest类中调用，见3）中试验。
    * 而只能将子类对象转换为父类对象，再调用clone。 注：请首先注释掉子类中的clone方法
    */
   // Manager original2 = new Manager("John", 50000);
   // original2.setBonus(10.0);
   // original2.setHireDay(2000, 1, 1);
   // original2.setDutyDay(2000, 11, 3);
   // Employee original=original2;
   // Employee copy = original.clone();
   // Manager copy2=(Manager)copy;
   // copy2.setBonus(11.0);
   // copy2.raiseSalary(10);
   // copy2.changeHireDay(2002, 12, 31);
   // copy2.changeDutyDay(2003, 11, 3);
   // System.out.println("original2=" + original2);
   // System.out.println("copy2=" + copy2);
   /*
    * 3）父类clone方法解决父类中对象实例域的复制，子类clone方法解决子类中对象实例域的复制。
    * 注：请确保子类、父类中的clone方法均未被注释掉 试验：请尝试注释掉子类的clone，观察语句：Manager copy2 =
    * original2.clone();
    */
   // Manager original2 = new Manager("John", 50000);
   // original2.setHireDay(2000, 1, 1);
   // original2.setDutyDay(2000, 11, 3);
   // Manager copy2 = original2.clone();
   // copy2.raiseSalary(10);
   // copy2.changeHireDay(2002, 12, 31);
   // copy2.changeDutyDay(2003, 11, 3);
   // System.out.println("original2=" + original2);
   // System.out.println("copy2=" + copy2);
  } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
 }
}

class Employee implements Cloneable {
 public Employee(String n, double s) {
  name = n;
  salary = s;
 }

 public Employee clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
  Employee cloned = (Employee) super.clone();
  // clone mutable fields
  cloned.hireDay = (Date) hireDay.clone();
  return cloned;
 }

 public void setHireDay(int year, int month, int day) {
  hireDay = new GregorianCalendar(year, month - 1, day).getTime();

 }

 public void changeHireDay(int year, int month, int day) {
  hireDay.setYear(year - 1900);
  hireDay.setMonth(month - 1);
  hireDay.setDate(day);
 }

 public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) {
  double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
  salary += raise;
 }

 public String toString() {
  return "Employee[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay="
    + hireDay + "]";
 }

 private String name;
 private double salary;
 private Date hireDay;
}

class Manager extends Employee {
 public Manager(String n, double s) {
  super(n, s);
  bonus = 0;
 }

 public void setBonus(double b) {
  bonus = b;
 }

 public Manager clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
  Manager cloned = (Manager) super.clone();
  // clone mutable fields
  cloned.dutyDay = (Date) dutyDay.clone();
  return cloned;
 }

 public void setDutyDay(int year, int month, int day) {
  dutyDay = new GregorianCalendar(year, month - 1, day).getTime();
 }

 public void changeDutyDay(int year, int month, int day) {
  dutyDay.setYear(year - 1900);
  dutyDay.setMonth(month - 1);
  dutyDay.setDate(day);
 }

 public String toString() {
  return super.toString() + "bonus=" + bonus + ",DutyDay=" + dutyDay;
 }

 private double bonus;
 private Date dutyDay;
}

*****************************************************************************
例2：

import java.util.Date;

/**
 * @version 1.0 2008-10-9
 * @author zzg 用于试验数组clone。 通过本例，可见数组实例域与对象实例域十分类似，注意clone。
 */
public class ArrayCloneTest {

 private int[] a;

 private int[] b; // 简单类型数组，仅需浅clone

 private Date[] d; // 对象数组，需深clone

 public int[] getA() {
  return a;
 }

 public void setA(int[] a) {
  this.a = a;
 }

 public int[] getB() { // 浅clone
  return b.clone();
 }

 public void setB(int[] b) {
  this.b = b.clone();
 }

 public Date[] getD() { // 深clone，每个数组元素都要clone
  Date[] temp;
  temp = d.clone();
  for (int i = 0; i < d.length; i++)
   temp[i] = (Date) d[i].clone();
  return temp;
 }

 public void setD(Date[] d) {
  Date[] temp;
  temp = d.clone();
  for (int i = 0; i < d.length; i++)
   temp[i] = (Date) d[i].clone();
  this.d = temp;
 }

 public static void print(int[] ar) {
  for (int i = 0; i < ar.length; i++)
   System.out.println("" + ar[i]);
 }

 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ArrayCloneTest act = new ArrayCloneTest();
  int[] c = { 1, 2, 3 };
  act.setA(c);
  act.setB(c);
  System.out.println("---------A1----------");
  ArrayCloneTest.print(act.getA());
  System.out.println("---------B1----------");
  ArrayCloneTest.print(act.getB());
  System.out.println("---------C1----------");
  ArrayCloneTest.print(c);
  /*
   * 修改c，影响a，但不影响b
   */
  c[2] = 4;
  System.out.println("---------A2----------");
  ArrayCloneTest.print(act.getA());
  System.out.println("---------B2----------");
  ArrayCloneTest.print(act.getB());
  System.out.println("---------C2----------");
  ArrayCloneTest.print(c);
  /*
   * 修改a，影响c；但修改b，不影响c。
   */
  act.getA()[2] = 5;
  act.getB()[2] = 5;
  System.out.println("---------A3----------");
  ArrayCloneTest.print(act.getA());
  System.out.println("---------B3----------");
  ArrayCloneTest.print(act.getB());
  System.out.println("---------C3----------");
  ArrayCloneTest.print(c);

 }

}