集合类型: 数组,集合,字典
数组var someInts = [Int]()
元组var letters = Set<Character>()
字典var namesOfIntegers = [Int: String]()
控制流: for in, for , while, repeat while, if else, switch case(不用break), switch case where
函数:func sayHelloAgain(personName: String) -> String{ return "hello"}
可选类型:值可能缺失的类型 ? nil
var a:Int? = 100
a = nil
......