MacBook (M1/M2)下使用python 安装numpy出错的问题解决

相信有不少朋友也碰到类似的错误，特分享出来，希望对大家有帮助。

问题：自己使用python3.12. 安装numpy 时，然后运行程序时总是报错，报错信息如下：

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/__init__.py", line 114, in <module>
    from numpy.__config__ import show as show_config
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/__config__.py", line 4, in <module>
    from numpy._core._multiarray_umath import (
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/__init__.py", line 49, in <module>
    raise ImportError(msg)
ImportError: 

IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THIS FOR ADVICE ON HOW TO SOLVE THIS ISSUE!

Importing the numpy C-extensions failed. This error can happen for
many reasons, often due to issues with your setup or how NumPy was
installed.

We have compiled some common reasons and troubleshooting tips at:

    https://numpy.org/devdocs/user/troubleshooting-importerror.html

Please note and check the following:

  * The Python version is: Python3.12 from "/usr/local/bin/python3"
  * The NumPy version is: "2.0.1"

and make sure that they are the versions you expect.
Please carefully study the documentation linked above for further help.

Original error was: dlopen(/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/_multiarray_umath.cpython-312-darwin.so, 0x0002): tried: '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/_multiarray_umath.cpython-312-darwin.so' (mach-o file, but is an incompatible architecture (have 'arm64', need 'x86_64')), '/System/Volumes/Preboot/Cryptexes/OS/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/_multiarray_umath.cpython-312-darwin.so' (no such file), '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/_multiarray_umath.cpython-312-darwin.so' (mach-o file, but is an incompatible architecture (have 'arm64', need 'x86_64'))

问题分析：开始以为是python3.12和numpy 2.0.1的版本不一致，然后尝试重新卸载和安装后，问题依旧；后来深入查查日志，发现日志中有一条『mach-o file, but is an incompatible architecture (have 'arm64', need 'x86_64')』，经网上查询，这是因为macbook (m1/m2)的架构是arm架构，而此处需要的是x86架构的库文件，在重新安装了x86架构的numpy, 问题解决；

解决步骤：打开终端窗口，输入如下命令即可：

1、pip uninstall numpy

2、arch -x86_64 pip install numpy