OpenGL笔记

1. Device Context (HDC) <--> Rendering Context (HGLRC)

2. State Functions

1) Query Numeric States:
void glGetbooleanv(GLenum pname, GLboolean *params);
void glGetDoublev(GLenum pname, GLdouble *params);
void glGetFloatv(GLenum pname, GLfloat *params);
void glGetIntegerv(GLenum pname, GLint *params);

2) Enabling and Disabling States

void glEnable(GLenum cap);

void glDisable(GLenum cap);

3) Query Capability State

GLboolean glIsEnabled(GLenum cap); // return GL_TRUE or GL_FALSE

4) Query String Values

const GLubyte* glGetString(GLenum name);

name can be :

    GL_VENDOR, GL_RENDERER, GL_VERSION, GL_EXTENSIONS

5) Finding Error

GLenum glGetError();

OpenGL Error Codes:

    GL_NO_ERROR

    GL_INVALID_ENUM

    GL_INVALID_VALUE

    GL_INVALID_OPERATION

    GL_STACK_OVERFLOW

    GL_OUT_OF_MEMORY

    GL_TABLE_TOO_LARGE

6) Giving OpenGL a Hint

In the fact that some operations in OpenGL may vary slightly from implementation to implementation (or driver to driver), glHint() provides an attempt to specify your desired level of trade-off between image quality and speed for several different OpenGL behaviors.

void glHint(GLenum target, GLenum hint);

OpenGL Behaviors:

    GL_POINT_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_LINE_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_POLYGON_SMOOTH_HINT

    GL_FOG_HINT

    GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT

hint values:

    GL_FATEST, GL_NICEST, GL_DONT_CARE

3. Handling Primitives (simply put, primitives are basic geometric entities such as points, lines and triangles)

1) void glBegin(GLenum mode)/ glEnd()

Valid glBegin() modes:

    GL_POINTS

    GL_LINES

    GL_LINE_STRIP

    GL_LINE_LOOP

    GL_TRIANGLES

    GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP: Series of connected triangles

    GL_TRIANGLE_FAN: Set of triangles containing a common central vertex

    GL_QUADS

    GL_QUAD_STRIP

    GL_POLYGON

Valid glBegin()/glEnd() Functions:

    glVertex*(): void glVertex{234}{dfis}() or void glVertex{234}{dfis}v()

    glColor*()

    glSecondaryColor*()

    glIndex*(): Set the current color index

    glNormal*(): Set normal vector coordinates (法向量)

    glTexCoord*(): Set texture coordinates

    glMultiTexCoord*(): Set texture coordinates for multitexturing

    glFogCoord*(): Set the fog coordinate

    glArrayElement(): Specifies attributes for a single vertex based on elements in a vertex array

    glEvalCoord*(): Generates coordinates when rendering Bezier curves and surfaces

    glEvalPoint*(): Generate coordinates when rendering Bezier curves and surfaces

    glMaterial*(): Sets material properties (affect shading when lighting is used)

    glEdgeFlag*(): Controls the drawing of edges

    glCallList*(): Executes a display list

    glCallLists*(): Executes display lists

2) Draw Points

2.1) General Routine

glBegin(GL_POINTS);

    glVertex3f(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);

    glVertex3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);

glEnd();

2.2) Modifying Point Size

    void glPointSize(GLfloat size);

Getting the current point size:

    GLfloat oldsize;

    glGetFloatv(GL_POINT_SIZE, &oldsize);

2.3) Antialiasing Points

    if (!glIsEnabled(GL_POINT_SMOOTH))

        glEnable(GL_POINT_SMOOTH);

Getting point size range and granularity:

    GLfloat sizes[2];

    GLfloat granularity;

    // retrieve the point size range

    glGetFloatv(GL_POINT_SIZE_RANGE, sizes);

    GLfloat minPointSize = sizes[0];

    GLfloat maxPointsize = sizes[1];

    // retrieve the point size granularity

    glGetFloatv(GL_POINT_SIZE_GRANULARITY, &granularity);

2.4) Effect of Distance

    void glPointParameter{if}(GLenum pname, type param);

    void glPointParameter{if}(GLenum pname, const type *params);

3) Drawing Lines in 3D

    glBegin(GL_LINES);

        glVertex3f(-2.0, -1.0, 0.0);

        glVertex3f(3.0, 1.0, 0.0);

    glEnd();

3.1) Modifying Line Width

    void glLineWidth(GLfloat width);

Sample:

    // retrieve the current line width

    GLfloat oldWidth;

    glGetFloatv(GL_LINE_WIDTH, &oldWidth);

    // if our line width is small, make it big

    if (oldWidth < 1.0)

        glLineWidth(5.0);

3.2) Antialiasing Lines

    GLfloat sizes[2];

    GLfloat granularity;

 

    glGetFloatv(GL_LINE_WIDTH_RANGE, sizes);

    GLfloat minLineWidth = sizes[0];

    GLfloat maxLineWidth = sizes[1];

 

    glGetFloatv(GL_LINE_WIDTH_GRANULARITY, &granularity);

3.3) Specifying a Stipple Pattern

    glEnable(GL_LINE_STIPPLE);

    void glLineStipple(GLint factor, GLushort pattern);

Querying Line Stipple Pattern and Repeat:

    GLushort currentStipplePattern;

    GLint currentStippleRepeat;

    glGetShortv(GL_LINE_STIPPLE_PATTERN, &currentStipplePattern);

    glGetIntv(GL_LINE_STIPPLE_REPEAT, &currentStippleRepeat);

4) Drawing Polygons in 3D

    void glPolygonMode(GLenum face, GLenum mode);

Parameters:

    face - GL_FRONT, GL_BACK, GL_FRONT_AND_BACK

    mode - GL_POINT, GL_LINES, GL_FILL