setContentView流程

引言

Activity的oncreate方法应该是Android开发者最熟悉的一个方法了，但是，你知道它是怎么被调用的吗？嘿嘿，可以看一下我之前的activity启动流程那篇文章。今天主要的目的是要来梳理一下另一个很常见且必须的方法----setContentView()。这个方法是怎么做到把Xml文件里的view的描述加载进来的，具体的流程是什么呢？（这个东西在我最初做Android的时候被人问到过，结果我什么也说不上来。。。答案就在setContentView这个方法里其实）

正式进入分析

先上DJ，先上DJ！不好意思，走错片场了。先把代码搞上来看一下。

public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
        getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);
        initWindowDecorActionBar();
    }

只有两行代码，逻辑很简单，先是window的setcontentview，然后再去实例化ActionBar。这里我们重点关注setcontentview这个方法。getWindow拿到了一个Window的对象，而Window又是一个抽象类，根据源码描述，我们知道它的唯一实现类是PhoneWindow这个类。不信你看注释

 /*The only existing implementation of this abstract class is
 * android.view.PhoneWindow, which you should instantiate when needing a Window.
 */

(源码的注释还是很重要的，有时候先看一下注释会减少我们好多疑惑或麻烦)
找到具体实现的地方，来看一看

	@Override
    public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
        // Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window
        // decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature
        // before this happens.
        if (mContentParent == null) {
            installDecor();
        } else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
            mContentParent.removeAllViews();
        }

        if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
            final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID,
                    getContext());
            transitionTo(newScene);
        } else {
            mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
        }
        mContentParent.requestApplyInsets();
        final Callback cb = getCallback();
        if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) {
            cb.onContentChanged();
        }
        mContentParentExplicitlySet = true;
    }

我们的主要目的是搞清楚控件是怎么显示的，所以忽略一些次要的东西，直接看一下这行代码

mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);

很熟悉吧，平时我们想要自己加载一个view的时候也是这样来搞的，对吧。
让我们来看看源码里这个mLayoutInflater是何方神圣，跟我们平时用的一样不一样。


看到没有，跟我们平时用的方式一模一样。不知不觉感觉自己又跟源码靠近了一点。所以，setContentView这个方法到最后其实就是LayoutInflater的inflate的过程。
一通command+左键，我们来到了这个方法里

/**
     * Inflate a new view hierarchy from the specified xml resource. Throws
     * {@link InflateException} if there is an error.
     */
public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
        final Resources res = getContext().getResources();
        if (DEBUG) {
            Log.d(TAG, "INFLATING from resource: \"" + res.getResourceName(resource) + "\" ("
                  + Integer.toHexString(resource) + ")");
        }

        View view = tryInflatePrecompiled(resource, res, root, attachToRoot);
        if (view != null) {
            return view;
        }
        XmlResourceParser parser = res.getLayout(resource);
        try {
            return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);
        } finally {
            parser.close();
        }
    }

先看注释，大概意思就是，从指定的xml资源中添加新的视图层次结构。如果发生错误，则抛出InflateException。
看这行代码：

View view = tryInflatePrecompiled(resource, res, root, attachToRoot);

根据方法名，尝试从预编译中去inflate一个 view。大概看了一下代码，mUseCompiledView这个boolean值直接判断返回了null，大概这个方法还在重写中吧。那我们接着往下看代码。inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot)，这个就是具体实现了。

 /**
     * Inflate a new view hierarchy from the specified XML node. Throws
     * {@link InflateException} if there is an error.
     */
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
        synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "inflate");

            final Context inflaterContext = mContext;
            final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);
            Context lastContext = (Context) mConstructorArgs[0];
            mConstructorArgs[0] = inflaterContext;
            View result = root;

            try {
                advanceToRootNode(parser);
                final String name = parser.getName();

                if (DEBUG) {
                    System.out.println("**************************");
                    System.out.println("Creating root view: "
                            + name);
                    System.out.println("**************************");
                }

                if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "
                                + "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");
                    }

                    rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false);
                } else {
                    // Temp is the root view that was found in the xml
                    final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);

                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;

                    if (root != null) {
                        if (DEBUG) {
                            System.out.println("Creating params from root: " +
                                    root);
                        }
                        // Create layout params that match root, if supplied
                        params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                        if (!attachToRoot) {
                            // Set the layout params for temp if we are not
                            // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)
                            temp.setLayoutParams(params);
                        }
                    }

                    if (DEBUG) {
                        System.out.println("-----> start inflating children");
                    }

                    // Inflate all children under temp against its context.
                    rInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true);

                    if (DEBUG) {
                        System.out.println("-----> done inflating children");
                    }

                    // We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp)
                    // to root. Do that now.
                    if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
                        root.addView(temp, params);
                    }

                    // Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the
                    // top view found in xml.
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        result = temp;
                    }
                }

            } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
                final InflateException ie = new InflateException(e.getMessage(), e);
                ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
                throw ie;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                final InflateException ie = new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()
                        + ": " + e.getMessage(), e);
                ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
                throw ie;
            } finally {
                // Don't retain static reference on context.
                mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
                mConstructorArgs[1] = null;

                Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
            }

            return result;
        }
    }

看注释，从xml节点中inflate一个view。这个方法应该就是从xml文件变成view控件的关键方法了。首先把context付给mConstructorArgs[0],获取attrs，然后开始解析xml文件。advanceToRootNode就是要把xml解析器parser移动到START_TAG这个标签上开始解析。如果解析出的名称是TAG_MERGE，进行了一些判断，当root是null或者attachToRoot为false时，抛出异常提示用户root不能为空且attachToRoot应给为true。如果满足条件则调用 rInflate(parser,root,inflaterContext,attrs,false);这个方法。从这里可以看出我们使用merge这个标签时应该避免root为空且attach这个变量应该为true。

/**
     * Recursive method used to descend down the xml hierarchy and instantiate
     * views, instantiate their children, and then call onFinishInflate().
     * <p>
     * <strong>Note:</strong> Default visibility so the BridgeInflater can
     * override it.
     */
    void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, Context context,
            AttributeSet attrs, boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {

        final int depth = parser.getDepth();
        int type;
        boolean pendingRequestFocus = false;

        while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG ||
                parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {

            if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
                continue;
            }

            final String name = parser.getName();

            if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) {
                pendingRequestFocus = true;
                consumeChildElements(parser);
            } else if (TAG_TAG.equals(name)) {
                parseViewTag(parser, parent, attrs);
            } else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) {
                if (parser.getDepth() == 0) {
                    throw new InflateException("<include /> cannot be the root element");
                }
                parseInclude(parser, context, parent, attrs);
            } else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
                throw new InflateException("<merge /> must be the root element");
            } else {
                final View view = createViewFromTag(parent, name, context, attrs);
                final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;
                final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                rInflateChildren(parser, view, attrs, true);
                viewGroup.addView(view, params);
            }
        }

        if (pendingRequestFocus) {
            parent.restoreDefaultFocus();
        }

        if (finishInflate) {
            parent.onFinishInflate();
        }
    }

rinflate这个方法就是递归的下降解析xml文件，也就是一层一层解析xml，同时实例化解析出来的view和它们的子view，最后调用root的onFinishInflate()方法告知系统解析完毕，我们已经把所有子view都添加进来了。看代码是根据不同的tag，去做不同的解析操作。同时看到了一些异常，了解了merge应该只能做根view的标签，include不能做根view的标签，否则会抛出相应的异常。解析的方法有parseViewTag,parseInclude等。如果是普通view标签，则调用createViewFromTag()方法。我们来看一下这个方法。

/**
     * Creates a view from a tag name using the supplied attribute set.
     */
View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs,
            boolean ignoreThemeAttr) {
        if (name.equals("view")) {
            name = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class");
        }

        // Apply a theme wrapper, if allowed and one is specified.
        if (!ignoreThemeAttr) {
            final TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, ATTRS_THEME);
            final int themeResId = ta.getResourceId(0, 0);
            if (themeResId != 0) {
                context = new ContextThemeWrapper(context, themeResId);
            }
            ta.recycle();
        }

        try {
            View view = tryCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);

            if (view == null) {
                final Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
                mConstructorArgs[0] = context;
                try {
                    if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {
                        view = onCreateView(parent, name, attrs);
                    } else {
                        view = createView(name, null, attrs);
                    }
                } finally {
                    mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
                }
            }

            return view;
        } catch (InflateException e) {
            throw e;

        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            final InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Error inflating class " + name, e);
            ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
            throw ie;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            final InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Error inflating class " + name, e);
            ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
            throw ie;
        }
    }

从attribute set提供的内容里创建一个view。如果不忽略themeatrr，那就根据attr创建一个相应的context。然后调用tryCreateView去尝试创建一个view。

public final View tryCreateView(@Nullable View parent, @NonNull String name,
        @NonNull Context context,
        @NonNull AttributeSet attrs) {
        if (name.equals(TAG_1995)) {
            // Let's party like it's 1995!
            return new BlinkLayout(context, attrs);
        }

        View view;
        if (mFactory2 != null) {
            view = mFactory2.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
        } else if (mFactory != null) {
            view = mFactory.onCreateView(name, context, attrs);
        } else {
            view = null;
        }

        if (view == null && mPrivateFactory != null) {
            view = mPrivateFactory.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
        }

        return view;
    }

发现一个好玩的东西，BlinkLayout，闪烁的viewgroup，继承自framelayout，里面嵌套的view会有闪烁效果。然后如果mFactory2不为空，就用mFactory2去创建view，如果mFactory不为空，则用mFactory去创建view，view=null，然后再用mPrivateFactory去创建view，最后返回。再返回createviewfromtag方法里，如果view不为空，则直接返回view，如果为空，则判断name的路径，如果包含.则调用createview，如果不包含则拼接上”android.view.“再去调用createview方法。

public final View createView(String name, String prefix, AttributeSet attrs)
            throws ClassNotFoundException, InflateException {
        Constructor<? extends View> constructor = sConstructorMap.get(name);
        if (constructor != null && !verifyClassLoader(constructor)) {
            constructor = null;
            sConstructorMap.remove(name);
        }
        Class<? extends View> clazz = null;

        try {
            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, name);

            if (constructor == null) {
                // Class not found in the cache, see if it's real, and try to add it
                clazz = Class.forName(prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name, false,
                        mContext.getClassLoader()).asSubclass(View.class);

                if (mFilter != null && clazz != null) {
                    boolean allowed = mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);
                    if (!allowed) {
                        failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);
                    }
                }
                constructor = clazz.getConstructor(mConstructorSignature);
                constructor.setAccessible(true);
                sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor);
            } else {
                // If we have a filter, apply it to cached constructor
                if (mFilter != null) {
                    // Have we seen this name before?
                    Boolean allowedState = mFilterMap.get(name);
                    if (allowedState == null) {
                        // New class -- remember whether it is allowed
                        clazz = Class.forName(prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name, false,
                                mContext.getClassLoader()).asSubclass(View.class);

                        boolean allowed = clazz != null && mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);
                        mFilterMap.put(name, allowed);
                        if (!allowed) {
                            failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);
                        }
                    } else if (allowedState.equals(Boolean.FALSE)) {
                        failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);
                    }
                }
            }

            Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
            if (mConstructorArgs[0] == null) {
                // Fill in the context if not already within inflation.
                mConstructorArgs[0] = mContext;
            }
            Object[] args = mConstructorArgs;
            args[1] = attrs;

            final View view = constructor.newInstance(args);
            if (view instanceof ViewStub) {
                // Use the same context when inflating ViewStub later.
                final ViewStub viewStub = (ViewStub) view;
                viewStub.setLayoutInflater(cloneInContext((Context) args[0]));
            }
            mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
            return view;

        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            final InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Error inflating class " + (prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name), e);
            ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
            throw ie;

        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            // If loaded class is not a View subclass
            final InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Class is not a View " + (prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name), e);
            ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
            throw ie;
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // If loadClass fails, we should propagate the exception.
            throw e;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            final InflateException ie = new InflateException(
                    attrs.getPositionDescription() + ": Error inflating class "
                            + (clazz == null ? "<unknown>" : clazz.getName()), e);
            ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
            throw ie;
        } finally {
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
        }
    }

主要流程就是检查当前classLoader是否是正确的加载layoutinflater的classloader，如果是则通过反射调用构造器创建view，同时把constructor放到sConstructorMap里，如果不是，则抛出异常”Class not allowed to be inflated…“。到这里，整个流程就把view和子view都创建了出来，流程结束。