已知 f(n)=∑i=0nCin⋅g(i) f ( n ) = ∑ i = 0 n C n i ⋅ g ( i ) , 求 g(n) g ( n )
二项式定理:
(a+b)n=∑i=0nCin⋅ai⋅bn−i
(
a
+
b
)
n
=
∑
i
=
0
n
C
n
i
⋅
a
i
⋅
b
n
−
i
令:
a=−1
a
=
−
1
,
b=1(n≠0)(00
b
=
1
(
n
≠
0
)
(
0
0
无意义
)
)
当
n=0
n
=
0
时,
(a+b)0=1
(
a
+
b
)
0
=
1
所以:
∑i=0n(−1)i⋅Cin={0(n≠0)1(n=0)
∑
i
=
0
n
(
−
1
)
i
⋅
C
n
i
=
{
0
(
n
≠
0
)
1
(
n
=
0
)
g(n)=∑i=0nCin⋅{0(i≠n)g(i)(i=n)
g
(
n
)
=
∑
i
=
0
n
C
n
i
⋅
{
0
(
i
≠
n
)
g
(
i
)
(
i
=
n
)
即:
g(n)=∑i=0nCin⋅{0(n−i≠0)g(i)(n−i=0)
g
(
n
)
=
∑
i
=
0
n
C
n
i
⋅
{
0
(
n
−
i
≠
0
)
g
(
i
)
(
n
−
i
=
0
)
所以:
g(n)=∑i=0n∑j=0n−i(−1)j⋅Cjn−i⋅Cin⋅g(i)
g
(
n
)
=
∑
i
=
0
n
∑
j
=
0
n
−
i
(
−
1
)
j
⋅
C
n
−
i
j
⋅
C
n
i
⋅
g
(
i
)
组合恒等式:
Cin⋅Cjn−i=Cjn⋅Cin−j
C
n
i
⋅
C
n
−
i
j
=
C
n
j
⋅
C
n
−
j
i
证明:
从
n
n
个中选个再从剩下
n−i
n
−
i
个中选
j
j
个从
n
n
个中选个再从剩下
n−j
n
−
j
个中选
i
i
个
f(n)=∑i=0nCin⋅g(i)→f(n−j)=∑i=0n−jCin−j⋅g(i)
f
(
n
)
=
∑
i
=
0
n
C
n
i
⋅
g
(
i
)
→
f
(
n
−
j
)
=
∑
i
=
0
n
−
j
C
n
−
j
i
⋅
g
(
i
)
g(n)=∑j=0n(−1)j⋅Cjn⋅f(n−j)=∑i=0n(−1)i⋅Cin⋅f(n−i)=∑i=0n(−1)n−i⋅Cn−in⋅f(i)=∑i=0n(−1)n−i⋅Cin⋅f(i)(90)(91)(92)(93)
(90)
g
(
n
)
=
∑
j
=
0
n
(
−
1
)
j
⋅
C
n
j
⋅
f
(
n
−
j
)
(91)
=
∑
i
=
0
n
(
−
1
)
i
⋅
C
n
i
⋅
f
(
n
−
i
)
(92)
=
∑
i
=
0
n
(
−
1
)
n
−
i
⋅
C
n
n
−
i
⋅
f
(
i
)
(93)
=
∑
i
=
0
n
(
−
1
)
n
−
i
⋅
C
n
i
⋅
f
(
i
)
所以: