【Android API重新回炉学习1】Activity

http://developer.android.com/guide/components/activities.html

NotePad:

1.在AndroidManifest.xml中定义一个Activity

 

<activity android:name=".ExampleActivity" android:icon="@drawable/app_icon">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
        <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
    </intent-filter>
</activity>

To declare your activity, open your manifest file and add an  <activity>  element as a child of the  <application>  element。There are several other attributes that you can include in this element, to define properties such as the label for the activity, an icon for the activity, or a theme to style the activity's UI. The android:name attribute is the only required attribute—it specifies the class name of the activity. Once you publish your application, you should not change this name, because if you do, you might break some functionality, such as application shortcuts

另外是

        <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
        <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

这两个标签的含义， The  <action>  element specifies that this is the "main" entry point to the application. The  <category>  element specifies that this activity should be listed in the system's application launcher

2. finish()和finishActivity()方法

   finish()结束当前Acitivity的生命周期

   finishActivity(int requestCode)结束之前使用startAcitivity(Intent intent,int requestCode)方法创建的Activity

3.Activity的生命周期

老生常谈的问题了，一张图解决所有的生命周期，onCreate 对应 onDestroy onStart 对应 onStop(完全不可见)，onResume(Activit到前台并开始接受事件)对应onPause(进入后台并且不能接受事件，但不一定是不可见状态) 

有趣的一点是两个Activity交互的生命周期，即一个Activity启动另一个Acitivity，这两个Acitivity纠缠在一起的生命周期是什么样的。

给出的例子是假如Activity A启动Acitivity B 那么 生命周期是下面的样子

1.Activity A's onPause() method executes.

2.Activity B's onCreate(), onStart(), and onResume() methods execute in sequence. (Activity B now has user focus.)

3.Then, if Activity A is no longer visible on screen, its onStop() method executes.

Guide中给出了一个适用场景

 For example, if you must write to a database when the first activity stops so that the following activity can read it, then you should write to the database during onPause() instead of during

4.Acitivity状态的保留

  当Activity的生命周期走到onPause()之后，这个Activity就属于是后台的Activity了，对于系统来说，后台的Activity优先级很低，资源不足的时候随时可以杀死它。但是如果这个Acitivity要重新回到前台的时候，对于用户来说，用户并不知道这个Activity是否是被系统杀死过，所以，用户希望看到的就是Activity展现出来的状态和之前隐藏到后台之前的状态是一致的。

  而且，Activity在一些特定的场景中是必须被杀死重启的，Guide中给出的例子有

Some device configurations can change during runtime (such as screen orientation, keyboard availability, and language). When such a change occurs, Android recreates the running activity (the system calls onDestroy(), then immediately calls onCreate()).

  保存Activity状态使用的方法是 onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState)这个方法，可以将当前需要保留的一些信息以键值对的形式保存到这个Bundle中去，在Acitivity重新启动的时候，可以在onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)方法或者是onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState)方法中取出这个Bundle里面的值，从而重新构造UI，造成这个Acivity丝毫未变的假象。

  还是一张图揭示所有的过程

  




需要注意的事项

Note: There's no guarantee that onSaveInstanceState() will be called before your activity is destroyed, because there are cases in which it won't be necessary to save the state (such as when the user leaves your activity using the Back button, because the user is explicitly closing the activity). If the system callsonSaveInstanceState(), it does so before onStop() and possibly before onPause().

我们经常听说这个方法却不经常使用的原因是，即使是不继承或者重写这个方法，一些Activity的状态依旧能够保存。原因是

The default implementation calls the corresponding onSaveInstanceState() method for every View in the layout, which allows each view to provide information about itself that should be saved. Almost every widget in the Android framework implements this method as appropriate, such that any visible changes to the UI are automatically saved and restored when your activity is recreated. For example, the EditText widget saves any text entered by the user and the CheckBox widget saves whether it's checked or not. The only work required by you is to provide a unique ID (with the android:id attribute) for each widget you want to save its state. If a widget does not have an ID, then the system cannot save its state.

特殊情况下，如果不想保存当前控件的状态的话，可以使用下面的方法来关闭保存开关

You can also explicitly stop a view in your layout from saving its state by setting the android:saveEnabledattribute to "false" or by calling thesetSaveEnabled() method. Usually, you should not disable this, but you might if you want to restore the state of the activity UI differently.

由于这个方法并不是每次退出Activity的时候都会被调用，所以保存数据的话，不要使用这个方法

Note: Because onSaveInstanceState() is not guaranteed to be called, you should use it only to record the transient state of the activity (the state of the UI)—you should never use it to store persistent data. Instead, you should use onPause() to store persistent data (such as data that should be saved to a database) when the user leaves the activity.

Q：

1.Activity默认究竟有几种style 例如Dialog的风格，都是通过哪些参数定制实现的

2.Activity的四种启动模式的描述以及其间的区别是什么