truffle 开发笔记（一）

目录

/contract 智能合约 

/migration 部署合约

/test测试合约：

1. 编写 .sol文件来测试

2 编写.js文件来测试

与合约交互

发起交易：

发起调用

 捕捉事件：

---

1. truffle

https://truffleframework.org/docs/getting_started 

（1）测试合约中获得部署地址： truffle/DeployedAddresses.sol 库 提供了 DeployedAddresses.<contract name>();

（2）所有测试合约明星必须以 Test 开头， 测试函数的名字以test开头；

（3）一般情况, 合约方法需要以交易的形式传递给 以太坊, 但是并不返回方法的结果, 而是返回一个交易的ID.

（4）写数据称为 transaction 交易, 而读数据称为 call 调用。交易：消耗gas, 改变网络状态，并不立即执行，返回交易ID;

            调用：不消耗gas，不改变状态，立即执行，直接返回需要的值。

（5）commands: build, compile, create, debug, exec, install, migrate, networks, opcode, publish, test, version.

/contract 智能合约 

pragma solidity ^0.4.2;

import "./ConvertLib.sol";

// 这只是货币合约的简单实现, 并非兼容标准, 也不能直接与其他货币/token合约交互.
// 如果想要创建兼容标准的token, 参考: https://github.com/ConsenSys/Tokens. 继续!

contract MetaCoin {
    mapping (address => uint) balances;

    event Transfer(address indexed _from, address indexed _to, uint256 _value);

    function MetaCoin() {
        balances[tx.origin] = 10000;
    }

    function sendCoin(address receiver, uint amount) returns(bool sufficient) {
        if (balances[msg.sender] < amount) return false;
        balances[msg.sender] -= amount;
        balances[receiver] += amount;
        Transfer(msg.sender, receiver, amount);
        return true;
    }

    function getBalanceInEth(address addr) returns(uint){
        return ConvertLib.convert(getBalance(addr),2);
    }

    function getBalance(address addr) returns(uint) {
        return balances[addr];
    }
}

/migration 部署合约

var Migrations = artifacts.require("Migrations");

module.exports = function(deployer) {
  // Deploy the Migrations contract as our only task

  //Migrations构造函数需要参数时，需要添加参数;
  deployer.deploy(Migrations);
};

/test测试合约：

1. 编写 .sol文件来测试

import "truffle/Assert.sol";
import "truffle/DeployedAddresses.sol";
import "../contracts/MetaCoin.sol";

contract TestMetacoin {
  function testInitialBalanceUsingDeployedContract() {
    MetaCoin meta = MetaCoin(DeployedAddresses.MetaCoin());

    uint expected = 10000;

    Assert.equal(meta.getBalance(tx.origin), expected, "Owner should have 10000 MetaCoin initially");
  }

  function testInitialBalanceWithNewMetaCoin() {
    MetaCoin meta = new MetaCoin();

    uint expected = 10000;

    Assert.equal(meta.getBalance(tx.origin), expected, "Owner should have 10000 MetaCoin initially");
  }
}

2 编写.js文件来测试

// 引入合约
var MetaCoin = artifacts.require("./MetaCoin.sol");

// 类似 describe, 返回账号列表
contract('MetaCoin', function(accounts) {
  it("should put 10000 MetaCoin in the first account", function() {
    return MetaCoin.deployed().then(function(instance) {
      return instance.getBalance.call(accounts[0]);
    }).then(function(balance) {
      assert.equal(balance.valueOf(), 10000, "10000 wasn't in the first account");
    });
  });
  it("should call a function that depends on a linked library", function() {
    var meta;
    var metaCoinBalance;
    var metaCoinEthBalance;

    return MetaCoin.deployed().then(function(instance) {
      meta = instance;
      return meta.getBalance.call(accounts[0]);
    }).then(function(outCoinBalance) {
      metaCoinBalance = outCoinBalance.toNumber();
      return meta.getBalanceInEth.call(accounts[0]);
    }).then(function(outCoinBalanceEth) {
      metaCoinEthBalance = outCoinBalanceEth.toNumber();
    }).then(function() {
      assert.equal(metaCoinEthBalance, 2 * metaCoinBalance, "Library function returned unexpected function, linkage may be broken");
    });
  });
  it("should send coin correctly", function() {
    var meta;

    // Get initial balances of first and second account.
    var account_one = accounts[0];
    var account_two = accounts[1];

    var account_one_starting_balance;
    var account_two_starting_balance;
    var account_one_ending_balance;
    var account_two_ending_balance;

    var amount = 10;

    return MetaCoin.deployed().then(function(instance) {
      meta = instance;
      return meta.getBalance.call(account_one);
    }).then(function(balance) {
      account_one_starting_balance = balance.toNumber();
      return meta.getBalance.call(account_two);
    }).then(function(balance) {
      account_two_starting_balance = balance.toNumber();
      return meta.sendCoin(account_two, amount, {from: account_one});
    }).then(function() {
      return meta.getBalance.call(account_one);
    }).then(function(balance) {
      account_one_ending_balance = balance.toNumber();
      return meta.getBalance.call(account_two);
    }).then(function(balance) {
      account_two_ending_balance = balance.toNumber();

      assert.equal(account_one_ending_balance, account_one_starting_balance - amount, "Amount wasn't correctly taken from the sender");
      assert.equal(account_two_ending_balance, account_two_starting_balance + amount, "Amount wasn't correctly sent to the receiver");
    });
  });
});

与合约交互

发起交易：

var account_one = "0x1234..."; // 地址1
var account_two = "0xabcd..."; // 地址2

var meta;
MetaCoin.deployed().then(function(instance) {
  meta = instance;
  return meta.sendCoin(account_two, 10, {from: account_one});
}).then(function(result) {
  // 执行此回调, 说明交易成功执行
  alert("Transaction 交易成功!")
}).catch(function(e) {
  // 执行此回调, 说明出现错误
})

发起调用

var account_one = "0x1234..."; // 一个地址

var meta;
MetaCoin.deployed().then(function(instance) {
  meta = instance;
  return meta.getBalance.call(account_one, {from: account_one});
}).then(function(balance) {
  // 执行此回调, 说明调用成功执行. 注意: 这个方法会立即回调, 没有等待时间.
  // 我们打印一下合约方法返回的余额
  console.log(balance.toNumber());
}).catch(function(e) {
  // 执行此回调, 说明出现错误
})

 捕捉事件：

var account_one = "0x1234..."; // 地址1
var account_two = "0xabcd..."; // 地址2

var meta;
MetaCoin.deployed().then(function(instance) {
  meta = instance;  
  return meta.sendCoin(account_two, 10, {from: account_one});
}).then(function(result) {
  // result 是一个包含如下内容的对象:
  //
  // result.tx      => 交易哈希值, 字符串
  // result.logs    => 解码后的事件内容列表
  // result.receipt => 交易收据对象, 包含交易消耗的 gas 等

  // 我们可以循环处理这些事件内容 (result.logs) 来检测是否我们触发了转账 (Transfer) 事件.
  for (var i = 0; i < result.logs.length; i++) {
    var log = result.logs[i];

    if (log.event == "Transfer") {
      // 我们找到了交易
      break;
    }
  }
}).catch(function(err) {
  // 执行此回调, 说明出现错误
});