Python快速笔记-2-Numpy

中文

#coding=utf-8

导入Numpy

import numpy as np

数组基础

def test_my_numpy_base():
    
# 1 创建数组
    print "创建数组:"
    a = np.array([[1,2,4.0],[3,6,9]])
    print a.ndim    # 查看行数
    print a.shape   # 查看数组的维数，返回(n,m)， 其中 n 为行数，m 为列数
    print a.dtype   # 查看元素的类型

# 2 特殊数组
    '''
        Numpy的特殊数组主要有以下几种：
        zeros数组：全零数组，元素全为0；
        ones数组：全1数组，元素全为1;
        empty数组：空数组，元素全近似为0；
    '''
    print "特殊数组:"
    print np.zeros((2,3), dtype=np.uint8)
    print np.ones((3,4), dtype=np.uint8)
    print np.empty((3,2), dtype=np.uint8)

# 3 序列数组
    print "序列数组:"
    print np.arange(1,20,5) #[ 1  6 11 16]

# 4 数组索引
    print "数组索引:"
    indexArray = np.array([[1,2,4.0],[3,6,9]])
    print indexArray[0] #第一项所有
    print a[:,1] #所有的项的第二个数
    print a[0,2] #第一项第三个数

# 5 数组运算
    print "数组运算:"
    aCaculate = np.array([1,2,3])
    bCaculate = np.array([4,5,6])
    print aCaculate
    print bCaculate
    print "+:", aCaculate+bCaculate
    print "-:", aCaculate-bCaculate
    print "*:", aCaculate*bCaculate
    print "/:", aCaculate/bCaculate
    print "**:", aCaculate**bCaculate
    print "dot:", np.dot(aCaculate, bCaculate) #点乘相加
    print "a max", aCaculate.max()
    print "a min", aCaculate.min()
    print "a sum", aCaculate.sum()

# 6 数组拷贝
    '''
        数组的拷贝分为浅拷贝和深拷贝两种，浅拷贝通过数组变量的复制完成，深拷贝使用数组对象的copy方法完成。
    '''
    print "数组拷贝:"
    
    print "=浅拷贝=" #浅拷贝只拷贝数组的引用，如果对拷贝对象修改。原数组也将修改。
    aShallowCopy = np.ones((2,3))
    print "Origin a:", aShallowCopy
    bShallowCopy = aShallowCopy
    print "b the same with a", bShallowCopy
    bShallowCopy[1, 2] = 9
    print "b Change, and influence a", aShallowCopy

    print "=深拷贝=" #深拷贝会复制一份和原数组一样的数组，但他们在内存中是分开存放的，所以改变拷贝数组，原数组不会改变。
    aDeepCopy = np.ones((2,3))
    bDeepCopy = aDeepCopy.copy()
    bDeepCopy[1, 2] = 9
    print "just b change"
    print "a :", aDeepCopy
    print "b :", bDeepCopy

    return
#end of test_my_numpy_base

矩阵

def test_my_numpy_matrix():
    
# 1 创建矩阵
    print "创建矩阵:"
    A = np.matrix([[1.0,2.0],[3.0,4.0]])
    print "A:", A
    print type(A) #查看A的类型
    
# 2  矩阵运算
    print "转置:"
    print A.T
    
    print "矩阵乘法:"
    B = np.matrix([[3.0],[5.0]])
    print "B:", B
    print "A * B:", A * B
    
    print "逆矩阵:"
    print A.I
    
    print "解线性方程组:"
    print np.linalg.solve(A, B)
    
    return
#end of test_my_numpy_matrixe