【学习笔记】傅里叶变换： 方形函数，三角函数

方形函数：

$$F\left(\omega \right)={\int }_{-t_0}^{t_0}A\cdot e^{-j\omega t}dt$$
$$=\frac{A}{j\omega }\left(e^{j\omega t_0}-e^{-j\omega t_0}\right)$$
$$=\frac{A}{j\omega }\cdot 2j\sin \omega t_0$$
$$=A\cdot \frac{2t_0\sin \omega t_0}{\omega t_0}$$
$$=2A{t}_0\cdot S_a\left(\omega t_0\right)$$
即：$$\begin{array}{r}A\left[u\left(t+t_0\right)-u\left(t-t_0\right)\right]\iff 2A{t}_{0}Sa\left(\omega t_0\right)\end{array}$$

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三角函数：

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先特殊化：令$t_0$=1,A=1;
则：$$F\left(\omega \right)={\int }_{-1}^0\left(1+t\right)e^{-j\omega t}dt+{\int }_0^1\left(1-t\right)e^{-j\omega t}dt$$
分部积分：
$$={\left[\begin{array}{c}\left(1+t\right)\cdot e^{-j\omega t}\\ \overline{-j\omega }\end{array}\right]}_{-1}^0+{\int }_{-1}^0\frac{e^{-j\omega t}}{j\omega }dt+{\left[\begin{array}{c}\left(1-t\right)\cdot e^{-j\omega t}\\ \overline{-j\omega }\end{array}\right]}_0^1+{\int }_0^1\frac{e^{-j\omega t}}{j\omega }d\left(1-t\right)$$
$$=\frac{1}{-j\omega }+\frac{1-e^{j\omega }}{{\omega }^2}+\frac{1}{j\omega }+\frac{1-e^{-j\omega }}{{\omega }^2}$$
$$=\frac{2-e^{j\omega }-e^{-j\omega }}{{\omega }^2}$$
又因为：$\cos w=1-2si{n}^2\frac{\omega }{2}$

所以化简得：$F\left(\omega \right)=S{a}^2\frac{\omega }{2}$

同理，一般化可得：$F\left(\omega \right)=A{t}_{0}S{a}^2\frac{\omega t_0}{2}$