第四章：WCF托管(4)

[size=large][color=red]原文：[url]http://www.wcftutorial.net/Introduction-to-WCF.aspx[/url][/color][/size]

[size=x-large][color=orange]Windows Service托管[/color][/size]

在这篇教程中我们将看到如何将WCF服务托管到Windows服务中去。和将服务托管在非message activated的IIS中一样，我们使用相同的代码将WCF服务托管的代码写在控制台应用程序中。将服务托管在Windows服务中以下好处。
1.当系统启动的时候，服务就会跟着启动
2.WCF进程生命周期可以被Service Control Manager控制
3.所有的Windows版本都支持托管

Step 1: 现在让我们开始创建一个WCF服务。打开VS2008，点击新建->工程，从模板中选择类库。

[img]http://www.wcftutorial.net/Images/060400_VS2008ContractStart.jpg[/img]

Step 2: 工程参照中添加System.ServiceModel引用，这是创建WCF服务的核心DLL

Step 3: 如下创建一个ISimpleCalulator的接口。添加ServiceContract和OperationContract

[b]ISimpleCalculator.cs[/b]

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;

namespace WindowsServiceHostedContract
{
    [ServiceContract]
    public interface ISimpleCalculator
    {
        [OperationContract]
        int Add(int num1, int num2);

        [OperationContract]
        int Subtract(int num1, int num2);

        [OperationContract]
        int Multiply(int num1,int num2);

        [OperationContract]
        double Divide(int num1, int num2);
    }
}

Step 4: 添加ISimpleCalculator的实现代码

[b]SimpleCalulator.cs[/b]

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace WindowsServiceHostedService
{
    class SimpleCalculator : ISimpleCalculator
    {
        public int Add(int num1, int num2)
        {
            return num1+num2;
        }

        public int Subtract(int num1, int num2)
        {
             return num1-num2;
        }

        public int Multiply(int num1, int num2)
        {
             return num1*num2;
        }

        public double Divide(int num1, int num2)
        {
            if (num2 != 0)
                return num1 / num2;
            else
                return 0;
        }
    }
}

Step 5: 编译工程得到DLL，现在我们已经准备好了WCF服务，我们再来看看如何将WCF服务托管在Windows服务中。注意: 在这个工程中，我们在相同的工程中创建了契约接口和实现类。将他们放在不同的工程中才是好的实践。

Step 6: 打开VS2008，点击新建->工程，选择Windows Service

[img]http://www.wcftutorial.net/Images/060400_WCFHostedWS.jpg[/img]

Step 7: 想工程中添加WindowsServiceHostedService.dll参照，这个DLL将会像服务一样工作。

Step 8: 在OnStart方法中我们可以编写托管WCF的代码。我们必须保证我们只用一个Service Host对象。OnStop方法中我们需要关闭Service Host。参照下面的代码，我们可以将WCF服务托管在Windows服务中。

[b]WCFHostedWindowsService.cs[/b]

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.ServiceProcess;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Description;

namespace WCFHostedWindowsService
{
    partial class WCFHostedWindowsService : ServiceBase
    {
        ServiceHost m_Host;

        public WCFHostedWindowsService()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
        {
            if (m_Host != null)
            {
                m_Host.Close();
            }
            //Create a URI to serve as the base address
            Uri httpUrl = new Uri("http://localhost:8090/MyService/SimpleCalculator");
            //Create ServiceHost
            m_Host = new ServiceHost
            (typeof(WindowsServiceHostedService.SimpleCalculator), httpUrl);
            //Add a service endpoint
            m_Host.AddServiceEndpoint
            (typeof(WindowsServiceHostedService.ISimpleCalculator), new WSHttpBinding(), "");
            //Enable metadata exchange
            ServiceMetadataBehavior smb = new ServiceMetadataBehavior();
            smb.HttpGetEnabled = true;
            m_Host.Description.Behaviors.Add(smb);
            //Start the Service
            m_Host.Open();


        }

        protected override void OnStop()
        {
            if (m_Host != null)
            {
                m_Host.Close();
                m_Host = null;
            }
        }
        static void Main()
        {
            ServiceBase[] ServicesToRun;
            ServicesToRun = new ServiceBase[] 
			{ 
				new WCFHostedWindowsService() 
			};
            ServiceBase.Run(ServicesToRun);
        }
    }
}

Step 9: 添加Installer类以便安装服务。所以想工程中添加Installer类，这个类继承Installer。在以下代码中查找服务名称，StartUp类

[b]ServiceInstaller.cs[/b]

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceProcess;
using System.Configuration.Install;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Configuration;


namespace WCFHostedWindowsService
{
    [RunInstaller(true)]
    public class WinServiceInstaller : Installer
    {
        private ServiceProcessInstaller process;
        private ServiceInstaller service;

        public WinServiceInstaller()
        {
            process = new ServiceProcessInstaller();
            process.Account = ServiceAccount.NetworkService;
            service = new ServiceInstaller();
            service.ServiceName = "WCFHostedWindowsService";
            service.DisplayName = "WCFHostedWindowsService";
            service.Description = "WCF Service Hosted";
            service.StartType = ServiceStartMode.Automatic;
            Installers.Add(process);
            Installers.Add(service);
        }
    }
}

Step 10: 编译工程，我们得到程序WCFHostedWindowsService.exe。接下来我们用VS命令行工具来安装服务。开始菜单->所有程序->Microsoft Visual Studio 2008->Visual Studio Tools-> Visual Studio Command Prompt，使用InstallUtil.exe工具来安装服务。

[img]http://www.wcftutorial.net/Images/060400_ServiceInstallationSuccess.jpg[/img]

Step 11:现在服务已经被成功托管，我们可以创建代理类并且可以开始使用客户端程序了。