Spring MVC中处理CORS跨域
Spring MVC中处理CORS跨域有如下几种方式
- @CrossOrigin（注解）
- CorsRegistry（全局配置）
- SpringMVC拦截器
- 实现Filter接口
编写axios异步请求
当然JQuery或直接AJAX请求也可以
编写test.html文件如下：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="./js/axios.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<button onclick="checkCors()" type="button">CORS请求</button>
<script>
axios.defaults.withCredentials=false // 不携带cookie
axios.defaults.crossDomain=true
axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
var baseUrl = "http://localhost:8090";
var token = '';
var request = axios.create({
baseURL: baseUrl, // api的base_url
timeout: 50000, // request timeout
data: {}
});
function checkCors() {
request({
url: '/demo6/checkCors',
method: 'post',
data : {
}
}).then(response => {
console.log(response.data)
token = response.data.content;
});
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
编写测试Controller
package com.yyoo.springmvc.controller;
import com.yyoo.springmvc.bean.MyResponse;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("demo6")
public class Demo6Controller {
@RequestMapping("checkCors")
public MyResponse checkCors(){
return MyResponse.success("CORS请求成功!");
}
}
测试请求
如图，我们在没有进行任何的跨域处理时，点击CORS请求按钮后会有两个请求发送，而且都有错误，而且它们的状态也不一样。第一个就是“预检”请求，第二个才是实际的请求。关于请求的状态以及相关的http知识不是我们本章的讨论内容。接下来我们来通过以上几种方式来处理跨域问题。想了解跨域的相关知识可查看CORS跨域介绍
@CrossOrigin（注解）解决跨域
package com.yyoo.springmvc.controller;
import com.yyoo.springmvc.bean.MyResponse;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CrossOrigin;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("demo6")
public class Demo6Controller {
@RequestMapping("checkCors")
@CrossOrigin
public MyResponse checkCors(){
return MyResponse.success("CORS请求成功!");
}
}
可见@CrossOrigin注解方式十分简单，在对应的方法上加上该注解即可。@CrossOrigin注解也可以作用在类上，让该类下的请求方法都支持跨域。
@CrossOrigin注解也可以设置对应的参数，直接查看源码即可了解。
package org.springframework.web.bind.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AliasFor;
import org.springframework.web.cors.CorsConfiguration;
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface CrossOrigin {
/**
* Alias for {@link #origins}.
*/
@AliasFor("origins")
String[] value() default {};
/**
* A list of origins for which cross-origin requests are allowed. Please,
* see {@link CorsConfiguration#setAllowedOrigins(List)} for details.
* <p>By default all origins are allowed unless {@link #originPatterns} is
* also set in which case {@code originPatterns} is used instead.
*/
@AliasFor("value")
String[] origins() default {};
/**
* Alternative to {@link #origins} that supports more flexible origin
* patterns. Please, see {@link CorsConfiguration#setAllowedOriginPatterns(List)}
* for details.
* <p>By default this is not set.
* @since 5.3
*/
String[] originPatterns() default {};
/**
* The list of request headers that are permitted in actual requests,
* possibly {@code "*"} to allow all headers.
* <p>Allowed headers are listed in the {@code Access-Control-Allow-Headers}
* response header of preflight requests.
* <p>A header name is not required to be listed if it is one of:
* {@code Cache-Control}, {@code Content-Language}, {@code Expires},
* {@code Last-Modified}, or {@code Pragma} as per the CORS spec.
* <p>By default all requested headers are allowed.
*/
String[] allowedHeaders() default {};
/**
* The List of response headers that the user-agent will allow the client
* to access on an actual response, other than "simple" headers, i.e.
* {@code Cache-Control}, {@code Content-Language}, {@code Content-Type},
* {@code Expires}, {@code Last-Modified}, or {@code Pragma},
* <p>Exposed headers are listed in the {@code Access-Control-Expose-Headers}
* response header of actual CORS requests.
* <p>The special value {@code "*"} allows all headers to be exposed for
* non-credentialed requests.
* <p>By default no headers are listed as exposed.
*/
String[] exposedHeaders() default {};
/**
* The list of supported HTTP request methods.
* <p>By default the supported methods are the same as the ones to which a
* controller method is mapped.
*/
RequestMethod[] methods() default {};
/**
* Whether the browser should send credentials, such as cookies along with
* cross domain requests, to the annotated endpoint. The configured value is
* set on the {@code Access-Control-Allow-Credentials} response header of
* preflight requests.
* <p><strong>NOTE:</strong> Be aware that this option establishes a high
* level of trust with the configured domains and also increases the surface
* attack of the web application by exposing sensitive user-specific
* information such as cookies and CSRF tokens.
* <p>By default this is not set in which case the
* {@code Access-Control-Allow-Credentials} header is also not set and
* credentials are therefore not allowed.
*/
String allowCredentials() default "";
/**
* The maximum age (in seconds) of the cache duration for preflight responses.
* <p>This property controls the value of the {@code Access-Control-Max-Age}
* response header of preflight requests.
* <p>Setting this to a reasonable value can reduce the number of preflight
* request/response interactions required by the browser.
* A negative value means <em>undefined</em>.
* <p>By default this is set to {@code 1800} seconds (30 minutes).
*/
long maxAge() default -1;
}
CorsRegistry（全局配置）解决跨域
@CrossOrigin注解方式简单，但如果我们需要为我们的应用设置一个全局的CORS配置，@CrossOrigin就不太方便了。这时候我们可以通过CorsRegistry来配置
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Override
public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) {
registry.addMapping("/demo6/**")
.allowedOrigins("*")
.allowedMethods("GET", "OPTIONS","POST")
.allowCredentials(false).maxAge(3600);
// 还能添加更多的 mappings...
}
}
WebMvcConfigurer：我们添加的大部分配置都用到了它，目前为止我们用他添加过类型转换器、拦截器、以及现在的CORS全局配置。
SpringMVC 拦截器解决跨域
package com.yyoo.springmvc.interceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
response.addHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
// 允许请求携带cookie
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "false");
response.addHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age","86400");
// 响应类型
response.addHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET,POST,DELETE,PUT,OPTIONS");
// 响应头设置
response.addHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type, X-Requested-With, X-authentication, X-client, X-Token, X_Requested_With");
return true;
}
}
此方式在我们需要携带cookie的时候比较有用，因为携带cookie的时候需要Access-Control-Allow-Credentials为true，而且Access-Control-Allow-Origin不能为*（具体请查看上一篇文章：CORS跨域介绍）。如果我们需要运行跨域的请求Origin有多个怎么办？或者我们后端根本不知道Origin的值，需要每次从请求头中获取比对怎么办？在拦截器中或过滤器中我们就可以使用request对象进行一些编码来实现。
package com.yyoo.springmvc.interceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
// 指定允许其他域名访问,Access-Control-Allow-Credentials为true时，该值不能为*
String origin = request.getHeader("origin");
if(origin != null && checkOrigin(origin)) {
response.addHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", origin);
}
// 允许请求携带cookie
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true");
response.addHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age","86400");
// 响应类型
response.addHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET,POST,DELETE,PUT,OPTIONS");
// 响应头设置
response.addHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type, X-Requested-With, X-authentication, X-client, X-Token, X_Requested_With");
return true;
}
private boolean checkOrigin(String origin){
List<String> originList = new ArrayList<>();
originList.add("http://localhost:8090");
originList.add("http://localhost:9090");
// ...
for(String o : originList){
if(o.contains(origin)){
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}
过滤器解决跨域问题
@Component
public class CorsFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
// String origin = request.getHeader("Origin");
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET,POST,DELETE,PUT,OPTIONS");
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age", "86400");
// 为true时Access-Control-Allow-Origin不能为*
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "false");
// 此处为允许请求携带的所以请求头，如果要限制，可自行定义
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", request.getHeader("Access-Control-Request-Headers"));
filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
}
注：在使用shiro的时候拦截器或者其他方式无法解决跨域的问题，这个时候使用过滤器可以解决。（具体可以参考shiro使用token认证）
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