ubuntu下NFS配置与挂载

nfs（Network File System）是网络文件系统，计算机上一个节点可以通过nfs访问远程计算机的文件系统，下面介绍ubuntu下如何进行nfs的配置与挂载。
1.安装nfs

xqq@xqq-virtual-machine:~$ sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server 
[sudo] password for xqq: 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
nfs-kernel-server is already the newest version (1:1.2.8-9ubuntu12.1).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.

2.查看nfs的端口状况

xqq@xqq-virtual-machine:~$ netstat -tl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
tcp        0      0 localhost:ipp           *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 *:41497                 *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 *:nfs                   *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 *:13100                 *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 *:sunrpc                *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 [::]:36499              [::]:*                  LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ip6-localhost:ipp       [::]:*                  LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 [::]:nfs                [::]:*                  LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 [::]:13100              [::]:*                  LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 [::]:sunrpc             [::]:*                  LISTEN  

3.重启nfs服务

xqq@xqq-virtual-machine:~$ /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart
[ ok ] Restarting nfs-kernel-server (via systemctl): nfs-kernel-server.service.

4.创建nfs共享文件夹/nfsroot

xqq@xqq-virtual-machine:~$ sudo mkdir /nfsroot
xqq@xqq-virtual-machine:~$ sudo chmod 777 /nfsroot

5.修改nfs配置文件
打开/etc/exports文件

xqq@xqq-virtual-machine:~$ sudo vi /etc/exports

添加 NFS ROOT 根文件系统目录，下面以/nfsroot 为例，将其添加到/etc/exports
文件中, 如下：
/nfsroot *(rw,nohide,insecure,no_subtree_check,async,no_root_squash)

# /etc/exports: the access control list for filesystems which may be exported
#               to NFS clients.  See exports(5).
#
# Example for NFSv2 and NFSv3:
# /srv/homes       hostname1(rw,sync,no_subtree_check) hostname2(ro,sync,no_subtree_check)
#
# Example for NFSv4:
# /srv/nfs4        gss/krb5i(rw,sync,fsid=0,crossmnt,no_subtree_check)
# /srv/nfs4/homes  gss/krb5i(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)
#
/nfsroot *(rw,nohide,insecure,no_subtree_check,async,no_root_squash)
~                                                                               
~                                                                                                                                                        
"/etc/exports" 11 lines, 458 characters

注：vi编辑器按i进入编辑模式，按ESC结束编辑，按：并在其后输入wq，按回车键保存退出。
6.重启 NFS 服务
sudo service nfs-kernel-server restart
7.在远程计算机上挂载nfs，此处将/nfsroot目录挂载在远程计算机上的mnt目录下

mount -t nfs 计算机的ip地址:/nfsroot /mnt

8.如果nfs想绑定端口号，可以进行以下操作，这里选择绑定端口号13100

sudo vi /etc/default/nfs-kernel-server

将 RPCMOUNTDOPTS 修改为：

#RPCMOUNTDOPTS=--manage-gids
RPCMOUNTDOPTS="-p 13100"