再说RCA

Onoe is a credit based RCA where the value of credit is determined by the frequency of successful, erroneous and retransmissions accumulated during a fixed invocation period of 1000 ms. If less than 10% of the packets need to be retransmitted at a particular rate, Onoe keeps increasing its credit point till the threshold value of 10 is reached. At this point, the current transmission rate is increased to the next available higher rate and the process repeated with credit score of zero. Similar logic holds for deducting the credit score and moving to a lower bit-rate for failed packet transmission/retransmission attempts. Howerver, once a bit-rate has been marked as failure in the previous attempt, Onoe will not attempt to select that bit-rate until 10 seconds have elapsed since the last attempt. Due to the manner in which it operates, Onoe is conservative in rate selection and is less sensitive to individual packet failure. Further details of the algorithm are available in [1].

 

 

AMRR   uses Binary Exponential Backoff (BEB) technique to adapt the length (threshold) of the sampling period used to change the values of bit-rate and transmission count parameters. It uses probe packets and depending on their transmission status adaptively changes the threshold value. The adaptation mechanism ensure fewer failed transmission/retransmission and higher throughput by not switching to a higher rate as specified by the backoff mechanism. In addition to this, the AMRR employs heuristics to capture the short-term variation of the channel by judiciously setting the rate  and transmission count parameters. For further details refer [2].

 

 

SampleRate decides on the transmission bit-rate based on the past history of performance; it keeps a record of the number of successive failures, the number of successful transimits anfd the total transmission time along with the destination for that bit-rate. Stale samples are removed based on a EWMA windowing mechanism. If in the sampling process, no successful acknowledgement is received or the number of packets sent is multiple of 10 on a specific link, it transmits the packet with the highest rate which has not failed 4 successive times. Other than that it transmits packets at the rate which has the lowest average transmission time. For further details refer [3].

 

 

[1] Madwifi Project, “http://madwifi.sourceforge.net/”.
[2] M. Lacage, M. Hossein and T. Turletti, “IEEE 802.11 Rate Adaptation: A Practical Approach”,  IEEE MSWiM, October 2004.
[3] J. C. Bicket, “Bit-rate Selection in Wireless Networks”, M.S Thesis, MIT, February 2005.

 

 

NOTE:

 

– The RCAs need to be aware of the state of the wireless channel. Deriving channel information from raw RSSI values and packet probes might not reveal the complete picture about the wireless channel dynamics.

– There is a possibility of improving the performance of the RCAs for low link conditions. The bit-rate adaptation technique might also depend on the stream type being transmitted over the wireless channel.