RHEL6学习笔记

最新推荐文章于 2021-06-04 10:56:54 发布

mavs41

最新推荐文章于 2021-06-04 10:56:54 发布

阅读量1.3k

点赞数

分类专栏： Linux

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/mavs41/article/details/53206861

版权

Linux 专栏收录该内容

3 篇文章 1 订阅

订阅专栏

写在前面：本笔记根据学习RHEL6.X中遇到的问题整理，以便日后学习参考。

1. 安装YUM源

1.1. 删除redhat原有的yum源

[root@master yum.repos.d]# rpm -aq | grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps

1.2. 获取CentOS源安装文件

[root@master yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@master yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
[root@master yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.2.29-69.el6.centos.noarch.rpm  
[root@master yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-30.el6.noarch.rpm  【在对应的网页上查看相应的版本】
[root@master yum.repos.d]# ll
total 1120
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   37052 Jul  3  2011 python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 529 Jan 29  2013 rhel-source.repo.bak
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1035636 Jul 25  2015 yum-3.2.29-69.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   27224 Sep 26  2011 yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   31340 Oct 18  2014 yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-30.el6.noarch.rpm

1.3.安装yum命令

 [root@master yum.repos.d]# rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
warning: python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing...########################################### [100%]
    package python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch is already installed
[root@master yum.repos.d]# rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing...########################################### [100%]
   1:yum-metadata-parser########################################### [100%]
root@master yum.repos.d]# rpm -ivh yum-3.2.29-69.el6.centos.noarch.rpm  yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-30.el6.noarch.rpm
warning: yum-3.2.29-69.el6.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing...########################################### [100%]
   1:yum-plugin-fastestmirro########################################### [ 50%]
   2:yum########################################### [100%]
[root@master yum.repos.d]# yum
Usage: yum [options] COMMAND
.........

1.4.获取并修改CentOS6-Base-163.repo

[root@master yum.repos.d]#  wget  http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
[root@master yum.repos.d]# ll
total 1120
-rw-r--r--  1 root root2006 Sep 18  2014 CentOS6-Base-163.repo
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   37052 Jul  3  2011 python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 529 Jan 29  2013 rhel-source.repo.bak
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1035636 Jul 25  2015 yum-3.2.29-69.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   27224 Sep 26  2011 yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   31340 Oct 18  2014 yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-30.el6.noarch.rpm
[root@master yum.repos.d]# cat CentOS6-Base-163.repo 
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
[root@master yum.repos.d]# vi CentOS6-Base-163.repo   
:%s+$releasever +6

1.5.验证是否安装成功

root@master yum.repos.d]# yum install sar
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Setting up Install Process
Determining fastest mirrors
base   | 3.7 kB 00:00 
base/primary_db| 4.6 MB 00:03 
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 
extras/primary_db  |  37 kB 00:00 
updates| 3.4 kB 00:00 
updates/primary_db | 4.6 MB 00:03 
No package sar available.
Error: Nothing to do
[root@master yum.repos.d]# sar
Linux 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 (master)    04/09/2016  _x86_64_    (1 CPU)
07:32:10 AM   LINUX RESTART
07:40:47 AM   LINUX RESTART
07:50:01 AM CPU %user %nice   %system   %iowait%steal %idle
08:00:01 AM all  0.03  0.00  0.20  0.06  0.00 99.71
08:10:01 AM all  0.12  0.00  0.34  0.21  0.00 99.33
Average:all  0.08  0.00  0.27  0.14  0.00 99.52

2. 安装图形化界面

yum groupinstall "X Window System" –y
yum groupinstall "Desktop" –y
yum grouplist

3. 解决非root用户无法登陆图形化界面

错误提示信息如下：

 [hadoop@master ~]$ startx
xauth:  creating new authority file /home/huang/.serverauth.2542
(EE) 
Fatal server error:
(EE) PAM authentication failed, cannot start X server.
    Perhaps you do not have console ownership?
(EE) 
(EE) 
Please consult the CentOS support 
     at http://wiki.centos.org/Documentation
 for help. 
(EE) 
giving up.
xinit:  Connection refused (errno 111):  unable to connect to X server
xinit:  No such process (errno 3):  Server error.

解决方法：
使用root用户执行以下命令：