Linux入门：用户磁盘配额quota

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用户磁盘配额（针对分区）

1、如果任何用户可以随意使用磁盘空间，也是一件很可怕的事情，磁盘被写满之后，各种应用也将无法运行，甚至启动。使硬盘空间被占满有很多种方法：dd if=/dev/zero方法，或者copy大量无用文件等等
2、用户的家目录（home）应该使用单独的分区，而不是在根（/）分区中。如果在根分区中，任何用户又有对自己家目录的所有操作权限，就很容易将根目录写满数据
3、所以需要使用将磁盘进行分区，然后对分区中不同用户划分不的配额

#usrquota、grpquota                  #用户配额、组配额
mount -o remount,usrquota /test     #临时性操作：remount重新挂载，挂载过程设置usrquota，对test目录
vim /etc/fstab                      #长期性的保存，就需要修改fstab。在
#/test  /   ext4    defaults,usrquota 0 0
#其实和挂载其它硬盘一样，只是在defaults后添加用户配额（usrquota）或组配额（grpquota）
#defaults处，添加usrquota
quotacheck -cu                      #创建（-c）用户（-u）配额文件
#分在对应分区创建aquota.user或aquota.group文件
quotaon /test                       #开启test目录的配额功能
quotaoff /test                      #关闭test目录的配额功能
edquota 用户名                         #调用vi进入编辑页面
#/dev/sda2 blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
#block soft hard                    #空间大小，soft限制达到只是提示，还有宽限期
#inodes soft hard                   #文件数量
quota                               #查看用户配额使用情况

repquota /test                      #（管理员）查看test分区上的所有用户限额

附

[root@bogon ~]# quotacheck 
Bad number of arguments.
Utility for checking and repairing quota files.
quotacheck [-gucbfinvdmMR] [-F <quota-format>] filesystem|-a

-u, --user                check user files
-g, --group               check group files
-c, --create-files        create new quota files
-b, --backup              create backups of old quota files
-f, --force               force check even if quotas are enabled
-i, --interactive         interactive mode
-n, --use-first-dquot     use the first copy of duplicated structure
-v, --verbose             print more information
-d, --debug               print even more messages
-m, --no-remount          do not remount filesystem read-only
-M, --try-remount         try remounting filesystem read-only,
                          continue even if it fails
-R, --exclude-root        exclude root when checking all filesystems
-F, --format=formatname   check quota files of specific format
-a, --all                 check all filesystems
-h, --help                display this message and exit
-V, --version             display version information and exit

Bugs to jack@suse.cz

[root@bogon ~]# mount -h
Usage: mount -V                 : print version
       mount -h                 : print this help
       mount                    : list mounted filesystems
       mount -l                 : idem, including volume labels
So far the informational part. Next the mounting.
The command is `mount [-t fstype] something somewhere'.
Details found in /etc/fstab may be omitted.
       mount -a [-t|-O] ...     : mount all stuff from /etc/fstab
       mount device             : mount device at the known place
       mount directory          : mount known device here
       mount -t type dev dir    : ordinary mount command
Note that one does not really mount a device, one mounts
a filesystem (of the given type) found on the device.
One can also mount an already visible directory tree elsewhere:
       mount --bind olddir newdir
or move a subtree:
       mount --move olddir newdir
One can change the type of mount containing the directory dir:
       mount --make-shared dir
       mount --make-slave dir
       mount --make-private dir
       mount --make-unbindable dir
One can change the type of all the mounts in a mount subtree
containing the directory dir:
       mount --make-rshared dir
       mount --make-rslave dir
       mount --make-rprivate dir
       mount --make-runbindable dir
A device can be given by name, say /dev/hda1 or /dev/cdrom,
or by label, using  -L label  or by uuid, using  -U uuid .
Other options: [-nfFrsvw] [-o options] [-p passwdfd].
For many more details, say  man 8 mount .