JVM之JVM内存溢出

JVM内存溢出

Java内存区域分为程序计数器，方法区，堆区，虚拟机栈和本地方法栈。

其中程序计数器，虚拟机栈和本地方法栈是线程私有的；堆区和方法区是线程共享的。

而在HotSpot虚拟机中是直接将虚拟机栈和本地方法栈合到一起。

1. 程序计数器。此区域没有定义任何OutOfMemory异常。

2. 堆区。

   设置堆区大小20M，不可扩展；通过list保持对象到GC Roots可达。

   -Xms20M -Xmx20M -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError

   public class HeapTestMain {
       static class OOMObject {}
       public static void main(String[] args) {
           List<OOMObject> list = new ArrayList();
           while(true ) {
               list.add(new OOMObject());
           }
       }
   
   }
   

   java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
   Dumping heap to java_pid23352.hprof ...
   Heap dump file created [28245988 bytes in 0.065 secs]
   Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
   	at java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:3210)
   	at java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:3181)
   	at java.util.ArrayList.grow(ArrayList.java:265)
   	at java.util.ArrayList.ensureExplicitCapacity(ArrayList.java:239)
   	at java.util.ArrayList.ensureCapacityInternal(ArrayList.java:231)
   	at java.util.ArrayList.add(ArrayList.java:462)
   	at oomtest.HeapTestMain.main(HeapTestMain.java:15)
   

3. 虚拟机栈

   设置栈大小128K -Xss128K

   单一线程环境下，循环递归，增加栈长度。

   public class StackTestMain {
   
       static class StackOOMObject{
           private int len = 0;
           public void stackLeak() {
               len++;
               stackLeak();
           }
       }
   
       public static void main(String[] args) {
           StackOOMObject obj = new StackOOMObject();
           try {
               obj.stackLeak();
           } catch (Error e) {
               System.out.println(obj.len);
               throw e;
           }
       }
   
   }
   

   996
   Exception in thread "main" java.lang.StackOverflowError
   	at oomtest.StackTestMain$StackOOMObject.stackLeak(StackTestMain.java:11)
   	at oomtest.StackTestMain$StackOOMObject.stackLeak(StackTestMain.java:12)
   	at oomtest.StackTestMain$StackOOMObject.stackLeak(StackTestMain.java:12)
   	at 
   	...
   oomtest.StackTestMain$StackOOMObject.stackLeak(StackTestMain.java:12)
   	at oomtest.StackTestMain.main(StackTestMain.java:19)
   
   Process finished with exit code 1
   
   

4. 方法区

   (1) 运行时常量池

   版本差异：

   JDK1.6之前，方法区包括运行时常量池在永久代中；

   JDK1.7，方法区和运行时常量池在永久代，字符串常量池在堆中；

   JDK1.8，永久代被废弃，方法区在元空间，运行时常量池和字符串常量池在堆中。

   程序：

   public class MethodAreaTestMain {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
           List<String> list = new ArrayList();
           String str = "";
           while(true) {
               for(int i=0;i<10;i++) {
                   list.add((str+i).intern());
               }
               list.add((str=str+"0").intern());
           }
       }
   }
   

   设置永久代10M，不可扩展 -XX:PermSize=10M -XX:MaxPermSize=10M

   jdk1.6运行结果：

   Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space
   	at java.lang.String.intern(Native Method)
   	at oomtest.MethodAreaTestMain.main(MethodAreaTestMain.java from InputFileObject:15)
   

   jdk1.7运行结果：

   Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
   	at oomtest.MethodAreaTestMain.main(MethodAreaTestMain.java:15)
   

   jdk1.8运行结果：

   Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
   	at oomtest.MethodAreaTestMain.main(MethodAreaTestMain.java:15)
   Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: ignoring option PermSize=10M; support was removed in 8.0
   Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: ignoring option MaxPermSize=10M; support was removed in 8.0
   

   设置堆区10M，不可扩展 -Xms10M -Xmx10M

   jdk1.8运行结果：

   Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
   	at java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:3210)
   	at java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:3181)
   	at java.util.ArrayList.grow(ArrayList.java:265)
   	at java.util.ArrayList.ensureExplicitCapacity(ArrayList.java:239)
   	at java.util.ArrayList.ensureCapacityInternal(ArrayList.java:231)
   	at java.util.ArrayList.add(ArrayList.java:462)
   	at oomtest.MethodAreaTestMain.main(MethodAreaTestMain.java:15)
   

   jdk1.7执行结果：

   Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: GC overhead limit exceeded
   	at java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:2367)
   	at java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder.expandCapacity(AbstractStringBuilder.java:130)
   	at java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder.ensureCapacityInternal(AbstractStringBuilder.java:114)
   	at java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder.append(AbstractStringBuilder.java:415)
   	at java.lang.StringBuilder.append(StringBuilder.java:132)
   	at oomtest.MethodAreaTestMain.main(MethodAreaTestMain.java:15)
   

   jdk1.6运行结果：

   Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space
   	at java.lang.String.intern(Native Method)
   	at oomtest.MethodAreaTestMain.main(MethodAreaTestMain.java from InputFileObject:15)
   

   (2) 方法区

   通过cglib，动态生成大量代理类。

   public class MethodAreaTestMain {
       static class MethodAreaOOMObject {}
       public static void main(String[] args) {
           while(true) {
               Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
               enhancer.setSuperclass(MethodAreaOOMObject.class);
               enhancer.setUseCache(false);
               enhancer.setCallback(new MethodInterceptor() {
                   public Object intercept(Object o, Method method, Object[] objects, MethodProxy methodProxy) throws Throwable {
                       return methodProxy.invokeSuper(o, objects);
                   }
               });
               enhancer.create();
           }
       }
   }
   

   设置永久代10M -XX:PermSize=10M -XX:MaxPermSize=10M

   jdk1.6结果：

   Exception in thread "main" net.sf.cglib.core.CodeGenerationException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException-->null
   	at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:256)
   	at net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.createHelper(Enhancer.java:378)
   	at net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.create(Enhancer.java:286)
   	at oomtest.MethodAreaTestMain.main(MethodAreaTestMain.java from InputFileObject:24)
   Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
   	at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor1.invoke(Unknown Source)
   	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
   	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
   	at net.sf.cglib.core.ReflectUtils.defineClass(ReflectUtils.java:395)
   	at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:237)
   	... 3 more
   Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space
   	at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
   	at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClassCond(ClassLoader.java:631)
   	at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:615)
   	... 8 more
   
   

   jdk1.7结果：

   Exception in thread "main" 
   Exception: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError thrown from the UncaughtExceptionHandler in thread "main"
   
   

   设置元空间10M jdk1.8结果：

   Exception in thread "main" net.sf.cglib.core.CodeGenerationException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException-->null
   	at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:256)
   	at net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.createHelper(Enhancer.java:378)
   	at net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.create(Enhancer.java:286)
   	at oomtest.MethodAreaTestMain.main(MethodAreaTestMain.java:27)
   Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
   	at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor1.invoke(Unknown Source)
   	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
   	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
   	at net.sf.cglib.core.ReflectUtils.defineClass(ReflectUtils.java:395)
   	at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:237)
   	... 3 more
   Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Metaspace
   	at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
   	at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:763)
   	... 8 more
   

5. 直接内存溢出

   通过反射获取sun.misc.Unsafe实例分配内存。

   public class DirectMemoryTestMain {
       static int _1MB = 1024 * 1024;
       public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalAccessException {
           Field field = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredFields()[0];
           field.setAccessible(true);
           Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe)field.get(null);
           while(true) {
               unsafe.allocateMemory(_1MB);
           }
       }
   }
   

   结果：

   Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError
   	at sun.misc.Unsafe.allocateMemory(Native Method)
   	at oomtest.DirectMemoryTestMain.main(DirectMemoryTestMain.java:17)