iOS学习笔记2－NSString

主要分为两个部分1. NSString 2. NSMutableString

一. NSString

        char* s = "Hello";
        NSString* str = @"Hello";
// OC， C 字符串转换
        // C->OC
        NSString* str1 = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:s];
        NSLog(str1);
        // OC->C
        NSLog(@"str2 = %s", [str UTF8String]);
        
// 创建字符串
        NSString* str3 = @"iOS"; // 相当于系统自动给你分配内存不需要手动释放
        NSString* str4 =[[NSString alloc] init]; // 需要手动释放
        str4 = @"iOS";
        
// 格式化字符串
        int a = 10;
        int b = 20;
        NSString* str5 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"a= %d b = %d", a, b];
        NSLog(@"str5 = %@", str5);
        // 拼接字符串
        NSString* str6 = [str5 stringByAppendingString:str3];
        NSLog(@"str6 = %@", str6);
        // 大小写转换
        NSString* str7 = @"aBcdEF";
        NSString* str8 = [str7 lowercaseString];
        NSLog(@"str8 = %@", str8);
        NSString* str9 = [str7 uppercaseString];
        NSLog(@"str9 = %@", str9);
        
//前缀和后缀的判断
        NSString* str10 = @"www.imooc.com";
        //判断前缀
        BOOL hasPrefix = [str10 hasPrefix:@"www."];
        if(hasPrefix){
            NSLog(@"有对应前缀");
        }
        else{
            NSLog(@"没有对应前缀");
        }
        //判断后缀
        BOOL hasSuffix = [str10 hasSuffix:@".com"];
        if(hasSuffix){
            NSLog(@"有对应后缀");
        }
        else{
            NSLog(@"没有对应后缀");
        }
// 判断字符串相同
        NSString* str11 = @"Hello";
        NSString* str12 = @"hello";
        
        if([str11 isEqualToString:str12]){
            NSLog(@"两个字符串一致");
        }
        else{
            NSLog(@"两个字符串不一致");
        }
        
// 分割字符串
        // 按照指定字符分隔字符穿
        NSString* str13 = @"a,b,c,d,e";
        NSArray* strArray = [str13 componentsSeparatedByString:@","];
        for(NSString* str in strArray){
            NSLog(@"str = %@", str);
        }
        // 按照范围截取字符串
        NSRange range = NSMakeRange(1, 5); // NSRange 不是一个类，而是一个struct，所以不是指针
        NSString* str14 = [str13 substringWithRange:range];
        NSLog(@"str14 = %@", str14);
        // 从某一位开始截取后面的字符串
        NSString* str15 = [str13 substringFromIndex:2];
        NSLog(@"str15 = %@", str15);
        // 从开头截取到某一位
        NSString* str16 = [str13 substringToIndex:5];
        NSLog(@"str16 = %@", str16);
        // 将字符串拆分位每一个字符
        for(int i = 0; i < [str13 length]; i++){
            NSLog(@"char[%d] is %c", i, [str13 characterAtIndex:i]);
        }
// 查找字符串
        NSString* str17 = @"ab cd ef gh ij";
        // 查找指定字符串的位置
        NSRange range1 = [str17 rangeOfString:@"ab"];
        NSLog(@"range1.location is %d, rang1.length is %d ", range1.location, range1.length);
        
// 替换
        NSString* str18 = @"Hello iOS, Hello Duke";
        //替换某一部分内容
        NSString* str19 = [str18 stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 5) withString:@"你好"];
        NSLog(@"Str19 = %@", str19);
        // 用指定字符串替换原字符串中的字符串
        NSString* str20 = [str18 stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"Hello" withString:@"你好"];
        NSLog(@"Str20 = %@", str20);
// 读取文件
        // 文件来源，1. 本地文件 2. 网路文件
        // 路径类
        NSString* str21 = @"www.baidu.com";
        // 网络路径
        NSURL* httpurl = [NSURL URLWithString:str21];
        // 本地路径
        NSURL* fileurl = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"/Users/lumingming/Desktop/test.txt"];
        //读取网络文件
        NSString* httpStr = [NSString stringWithContentsOfURL:httpurl encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
        NSLog(@"httpStr = %@", httpStr);
        NSString* fileStr = [NSString stringWithContentsOfURL:fileurl encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
        NSLog(@"fileStr = %@", fileStr);
// 写入文件
        NSString* str22 = @"Hello Fred";
        [str22 writeToFile:@"/Users/lumingming/Desktop/Demo.txt" atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];

二. NSMutableString

// 可变字符串是字符串的子类
        NSMutableString* str = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithCapacity:10];
        [str setString:@"Hello"];
        //str = @"HEllo"; //左边这种写法不正确，这是NSString的赋值方法，不适用于NSMUtableString
// 1. 追加字符串
        [str appendString:@", World"];
        NSLog(@"Str is %@", str);
        int a = 10;
// 2. 追加格式化字符串
        [str appendFormat:@"%d", a];
        NSLog(@"Str is %@", str);
// 3. 替换字符串
        NSRange range = [str rangeOfString:@"World"];
        [str replaceCharactersInRange:range withString:@"Fred"];
        NSLog(@"Str is %@", str);
// 4. 插入字符串
        [str insertString:@"Android" atIndex:6];
        NSLog(@"Str is %@", str);
// 5. 删除字符串
        NSRange range1 = [str rangeOfString:@"Fred"];
        [str deleteCharactersInRange:range1];
        NSLog(@"Str is %@", str);