本文主要介绍使用spring提供的对junit的扩展机制来进行单元测试,没有设计mock方面的测试。
一、Spring提供的JUnit框架扩展:
- AbstractSpringContextTests:spring中使用spring上下文测试的Junit扩展类,我们一般不会使用这个类来进行单元测试,它是spring内部设计使用到的类
- AbstractDependencyInjectionSpringContextTests:这是AbstractSpringContextTests的直接子类,支持依赖spring上下文的测试类,这个类不支持事务。
- AbstractTransactionalSpringContextTests:这是AbstractDependencyInjectionSpringContextTests的直接子类,这个类一般应用在事务相关的测试中,一旦完成每个测试它就会正常地回滚事务,不会真正更新数据库,若要手动设置事务相关操作,你可以重载onSetUpInTransaction和onTearDownInTransaction方法,以便手工开始并提交事务,或者调用setComplete()方法。这个类也可以在没有事务的情况下,使用这个类。
- AbstractTransactionalDataSourceSpringContextTests:这是AbstractTransactionalSpringContextTests的直接子类,它使用了Spring的基于JDBC的jdbcTemplate工具类,支持数据库级别的事务。
我是按照继承顺序介绍上面四个类的,具体可以参考spring的api文档,或者可以阅读spring的源代码,很简单的代码。
二、测试策略:
下面用一个真实项目的简化版本来作例子,测试的具体目录路径:
test
--system
--dao
--UserDAOImplTest.java
......
--service
--UserServiceImplTest.java
......
--AbstractSystemTest.java
--testSystemContext.xml
--manage
--dao
--CustomerDAOImplTest.java
......
--service
--CustomerServiceImplTest.java
......
--AbstractManageTest.java
--testSystemContext.xml
--testApplicationContext.xml
解释:
test是测试路径,system与manage是模块名(这本来是package的路径,为了简化,我就把前面的包名删除了),每个模块中有一个spring的配置文件(我的spring配置文件的命名策略是test+模块名+Context),一个模块级别测试基类(主要是载入spring配置文件,每个该模块的单元测试类都继承该类),然后是分层路径,这里是DAO和service层,包括所有的DAO与service单元测试类,我们还有一个总的spring配置文件testApplicationContext.xml。再多的解释,也不如代码最明显,下面是部分示例代码
testApplicationContext.xml
<
bean
id
="propertyConfigurer"
class ="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" >
< property name ="locations" >
< list >
< value > jdbc.properties </ value >
</ list >
</ property >
</ bean >
< bean id ="dataSource"
class ="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
destroy-method ="close" >
< property name ="driverClassName" >
< value > ${jdbc.driverClassName} </ value >
</ property >
< property name ="url" >
< value > ${jdbc.url} </ value >
</ property >
< property name ="username" >
< value > ${jdbc.username} </ value >
</ property >
< property name ="password" >
< value > ${jdbc.password} </ value >
</ property >
</ bean >
< bean id ="parentSessionFactory" abstract ="true"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="hibernateProperties" >
< props >
< prop key ="hibernate.dialect" >
org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9Dialect
</ prop >
< prop key ="hibernate.cache.provider_class" >
org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider
</ prop >
< prop key ="hibernate.max_fetch_depth" > 3 </ prop >
< prop key ="hibernate.show_sql" > true </ prop >
< prop key ="hibernate.cglib.use_reflection_optimizer" >
true
</ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
< property name ="dataSource" >
< ref local ="dataSource" />
</ property >
</ bean >
<!-- transaction -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
class ="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager" >
< property name ="dataSource" ref ="dataSource" />
</ bean >
< bean id ="baseTransactionProxy"
class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
abstract ="true" >
< property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />
< property name ="transactionAttributes" >
< props >
< prop key ="*" >
PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, -ApplicationException
</ prop >
< prop key ="load*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly </ prop >
< prop key ="get*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly </ prop >
< prop key ="find*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly </ prop >
< prop key ="list*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly </ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >
<!-- Base DAO -->
< bean id ="baseDAO" abstract ="true"
class ="com.mycompany.myproject.framework.BaseDAOImpl" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
class ="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" >
< property name ="locations" >
< list >
< value > jdbc.properties </ value >
</ list >
</ property >
</ bean >
< bean id ="dataSource"
class ="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
destroy-method ="close" >
< property name ="driverClassName" >
< value > ${jdbc.driverClassName} </ value >
</ property >
< property name ="url" >
< value > ${jdbc.url} </ value >
</ property >
< property name ="username" >
< value > ${jdbc.username} </ value >
</ property >
< property name ="password" >
< value > ${jdbc.password} </ value >
</ property >
</ bean >
< bean id ="parentSessionFactory" abstract ="true"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="hibernateProperties" >
< props >
< prop key ="hibernate.dialect" >
org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9Dialect
</ prop >
< prop key ="hibernate.cache.provider_class" >
org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider
</ prop >
< prop key ="hibernate.max_fetch_depth" > 3 </ prop >
< prop key ="hibernate.show_sql" > true </ prop >
< prop key ="hibernate.cglib.use_reflection_optimizer" >
true
</ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
< property name ="dataSource" >
< ref local ="dataSource" />
</ property >
</ bean >
<!-- transaction -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
class ="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager" >
< property name ="dataSource" ref ="dataSource" />
</ bean >
< bean id ="baseTransactionProxy"
class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
abstract ="true" >
< property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />
< property name ="transactionAttributes" >
< props >
< prop key ="*" >
PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, -ApplicationException
</ prop >
< prop key ="load*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly </ prop >
< prop key ="get*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly </ prop >
< prop key ="find*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly </ prop >
< prop key ="list*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly </ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >
<!-- Base DAO -->
< bean id ="baseDAO" abstract ="true"
class ="com.mycompany.myproject.framework.BaseDAOImpl" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
所有的spring的基本配置文件都放在这里面,我巧妙的把利用spring提供的配置技巧声明了一个抽象的parentSessionFactory,然后让每个子模块的sessionFactory都继承这个对象,这样就减少了不少重复的配置文件
testSystemContext.xml
<
bean
id
="sessionFactory"
parent
="parentSessionFactory"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="mappingDirectoryLocations" >
< list >
< value >
com/mycompany/myproject/domain/system/maps
</ value >
</ list >
</ property >
</ bean >
<!-- DAO -->
< bean id ="userDAO" parent ="baseDAO"
class ="com.mycompany.myproject.module.system.dao.UserDAOImpl" >
< constructor-arg >
< value > com.mycompany.myproject.domain.system.User </ value >
</ constructor-arg >
</ bean >
<!-- Service -->
< bean id ="userService" parent ="baseTransactionProxy" >
< property name ="target" >
< bean
class ="com.mycompany.myproject.module.system.service.UserServiceImpl" >
< property name ="userDAO" ref ="userDAO" />
</ bean >
</ property >
</ bean >
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="mappingDirectoryLocations" >
< list >
< value >
com/mycompany/myproject/domain/system/maps
</ value >
</ list >
</ property >
</ bean >
<!-- DAO -->
< bean id ="userDAO" parent ="baseDAO"
class ="com.mycompany.myproject.module.system.dao.UserDAOImpl" >
< constructor-arg >
< value > com.mycompany.myproject.domain.system.User </ value >
</ constructor-arg >
</ bean >
<!-- Service -->
< bean id ="userService" parent ="baseTransactionProxy" >
< property name ="target" >
< bean
class ="com.mycompany.myproject.module.system.service.UserServiceImpl" >
< property name ="userDAO" ref ="userDAO" />
</ bean >
</ property >
</ bean >
在这个文件中,声明了一个继承parentSessionFactory的sessionFactory,只需配置mappingDirectoryLocations
AbstractSystemTest.java
public
abstract
class
AbstractSystemTest
extends
AbstractTransactionalDataSourceSpringContextTests ... {
protected String[] getConfigLocations() ...{
String[] config = new String[] ...{ "testApplicationContext.xml",
"system/testSystemContext.xml" };
return config;
}
}
AbstractTransactionalDataSourceSpringContextTests ... {
protected String[] getConfigLocations() ...{
String[] config = new String[] ...{ "testApplicationContext.xml",
"system/testSystemContext.xml" };
return config;
}
}
覆盖基类的方法,提供寻找配置文件的功能,自己可以根据情况把基类改为AbstractTransactionalSpringContextTests
UserDAOImplTest.java
public
class
UserDAOImplTest
extends
AbstractSystemTest
...
{
public UserDAO getUserDAO() ...{
return (UserDAO) applicationContext.getBean("userDAO");
}
public void testLoadObject() ...{
User user = (User) this.getUserDAO().find("01");
public UserDAO getUserDAO() ...{
return (UserDAO) applicationContext.getBean("userDAO");
}
public void testLoadObject() ...{
User user = (User) this.getUserDAO().find("01");
assertNull(user);
}
}
UserServiceImplTest.java
public
class
UserServiceImplTest
extends
AbstractSystemTest
...
{
public UserService getUserService() ...{
return (UserService) applicationContext.getBean("userService");
}
public void testLoadUser() ...{
User user = (User) this.getUserService().find("01");
assertNull(user);
}
}
public UserService getUserService() ...{
return (UserService) applicationContext.getBean("userService");
}
public void testLoadUser() ...{
User user = (User) this.getUserService().find("01");
assertNull(user);
}
}
我的基本策略,就是让让每个开发人员写的单元测试之间不会相互干扰,其实,在spring中的关键问题时把载入context配置文件相互不干扰。上面的示例表明,采用spring提供的配置文件可以轻松达到这个目的
但是,到了项目中后期的时候,会发现service经常需要访问不属于自己模块的DAO,或者是domain对象的关联被映射在hibernate配置文件中,这时会发现这个方式很耗时,因为你需要导入别的模块的配置文件,这时可以采用一个sessionFacotry的配置,而且这时domain对象也很稳定了,不会经常出现
unmmaped class的异常。
写一篇文章真是很痛苦,搞了5个小时,真消耗时间。
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收藏到我的网摘] jian发表于 2006年09月09日 17:14:00