Synchronized、Lock和Atomic性能测试
模拟8线程,其中4线程写操作,4线程读操作,分别测试无任何同步机制下(线程不安全)、Synchronized、Lock和Atomic原子类的循环N次计算的性能
package concurrency;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
// 普通方法/Synchronized内置锁/Lock显示锁/Atomic操作的性能对比 单位(纳秒)
abstract class Accumulator {
public static long cycles = 50000l;
private static final int N = 4;
public static ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(N * 2);
private static CyclicBarrier barrier =
new CyclicBarrier(N*2 + 1);
protected volatile int index = 0;
protected volatile long value = 0;
protected long duration = 0;
protected String id = "error";
protected final static int SIZE = 100000;
protected static int[] preLoaded = new int[SIZE];
static {
Random rand = new Random(47);
for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
preLoaded[i] = rand.nextInt();
}
}
public abstract void accumulate();
public abstract long read();
private class Modifier implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < cycles; i++) {
accumulate();
}
try {
barrier.await();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
private class Reader implements Runnable {
private volatile long value;
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < cycles; i++) {
value = read();
}
try {
barrier.await();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
public void timedTest() {
long start = System.nanoTime();
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
exec.execute(new Modifier());
exec.execute(new Reader());
}
try {
barrier.await(); // 保障当前cycles测试完毕,才会进入下一个新cycles测试
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
duration = System.nanoTime() - start;
System.out.print(String.format("%-13s: %13d\n", id, duration));
}
public static void report(Accumulator acc1, Accumulator acc2) {
System.out.print(String.format("%-22s: %.2f\n", acc1.id + "/" + acc2.id,
(double) acc1.duration / (double) acc2.duration));
}
}
class BaseLine extends Accumulator {
{ id = "BaseLine"; }
public void accumulate() {
int ind = index++;
if (ind >= SIZE) {
index = 0;
value += preLoaded[0];
} else {
value += preLoaded[ind];
}
}
public long read() { return value; }
}
class SynchronizedTest extends Accumulator {
{ id = "Synchronized"; }
public synchronized void accumulate() {
value += preLoaded[index++];
if (index >= SIZE) index = 0;
}
public synchronized long read() { return value; }
}
class LockTest extends Accumulator {
{ id = "Lock"; }
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void accumulate() {
lock.lock();
try {
value += preLoaded[index++];
if (index >= SIZE) index = 0;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public long read() {
lock.lock();
try {
return value;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
class AtomicTest extends Accumulator {
{ id = "Atomic"; }
private AtomicInteger index = new AtomicInteger(0);
private AtomicLong value = new AtomicLong(0);
public void accumulate() {
int i = index.getAndIncrement();
if (i >= SIZE) {
index.set(0);
value.getAndAdd(0);
} else {
value.getAndAdd(preLoaded[i]);
}
}
public long read() {
return value.get();
}
}
public class SynchronizationComarisons {
static BaseLine baseLine = new BaseLine();
static SynchronizedTest synch = new SynchronizedTest();
static LockTest lock = new LockTest();
static AtomicTest atomic = new AtomicTest();
static void test() {
System.out.println("==================================");
System.out.print(String.format("%-12s : %13d\n", "Cycles", Accumulator.cycles));
baseLine.timedTest();
synch.timedTest();
lock.timedTest();
atomic.timedTest();
Accumulator.report(synch, baseLine);
Accumulator.report(lock, baseLine);
Accumulator.report(atomic, baseLine);
Accumulator.report(synch, lock);
Accumulator.report(synch, atomic);
Accumulator.report(lock, atomic);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int iterations = 5;
System.out.println("Warmup");
baseLine.timedTest();
for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
test();
Accumulator.cycles *= 2;
}
Accumulator.exec.shutdownNow();
}
}
/*output
Warmup
BaseLine : 13460648
==================================
Cycles : 50000
BaseLine : 10290073
Synchronized : 37646432
Lock : 26474879
Atomic : 18850147
Synchronized/BaseLine : 3.66
Lock/BaseLine : 2.57
Atomic/BaseLine : 1.83
Synchronized/Lock : 1.42
Synchronized/Atomic : 2.00
Lock/Atomic : 1.40
==================================
Cycles : 100000
BaseLine : 21884237
Synchronized : 114442272
Lock : 44680671
Atomic : 13101746
Synchronized/BaseLine : 5.23
Lock/BaseLine : 2.04
Atomic/BaseLine : 0.60
Synchronized/Lock : 2.56
Synchronized/Atomic : 8.73
Lock/Atomic : 3.41
==================================
Cycles : 200000
BaseLine : 42549456
Synchronized : 232285601
Lock : 88711627
Atomic : 24815086
Synchronized/BaseLine : 5.46
Lock/BaseLine : 2.08
Atomic/BaseLine : 0.58
Synchronized/Lock : 2.62
Synchronized/Atomic : 9.36
Lock/Atomic : 3.57
==================================
Cycles : 400000
BaseLine : 84727978
Synchronized : 477743405
Lock : 170432430
Atomic : 54460812
Synchronized/BaseLine : 5.64
Lock/BaseLine : 2.01
Atomic/BaseLine : 0.64
Synchronized/Lock : 2.80
Synchronized/Atomic : 8.77
Lock/Atomic : 3.13
==================================
Cycles : 800000
BaseLine : 166554952
Synchronized : 916578204
Lock : 355592796
Atomic : 113692781
Synchronized/BaseLine : 5.50
Lock/BaseLine : 2.13
Atomic/BaseLine : 0.68
Synchronized/Lock : 2.58
Synchronized/Atomic : 8.06
Lock/Atomic : 3.13
* */
随着循环次数cycles成倍增大,Synchronized的性能明显变差,Atomic和Lock的性能始终处于稳定状态,从结果看Atomic类性能更高,但Atomic类只有在非常简单的情况下才有用,这些情况通常包括你只有一个要被修改的Atomic对象,并且这个对象独立于其他所有的对象。更安全正确的做法是:以更加传统的方式入手,只有在性能方面的需求能够明确指示时,才替换为Atomic。
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