英语词根记忆法
北师大
英语
北师大
英语词根记忆法
英语单词中约90%的词都是由词根、前缀、后缀构成的，而且都是学生记忆比较困难的词。将来的考研词汇、托福词汇、专业外语词汇也是与词根密不可分的。我做过试验，让学生在10分钟内记忆三组同一家族（即同一词根的）词，约30个单词。 随后检验结果非常好，即使是学习成绩还不算好的学生都差欢嗄芗亲 ?四级词汇所需词根约150个， 能扩展出近2000单词。加上高中所学1800单词， 基本能满足四级 考试所需词汇。这里将陆续推出在我们所学的当代大学英语每一册各单元的词汇表中构词力较强的词根。所以只要你每天抽出10分钟记忆一个单元的词，再花10分钟自测一下，50天坚持下来相信你的词汇量绝对是今昔非比！而且你学会了一种能力-猜词，这对你今后的自学、发展、深造都是一大笔本钱。更重要的是，这样记忆的词不容易忘掉了！
Unit 1 家族认亲-举一反十
1.just=right 正
just: a./adv. 正义的, 公平的;应得的;合理的; 刚好
just price/punishment 公正的价钱/应得的惩罚 just now 刚才
justice: n. 正义, 正直, 司法
sense of justice 正义感/treat sb with justice 公正地对待某人
justify: v. 证明…为合理,正当;辩护 [-fy 动词后缀]
Nothing can justify your cheating in the exam.
justifiable: a.可证明为正当的;无可非议的 [-able形容词后缀]
justifiable abortion 正当的流产
justification: n. 正当理由 He was getting angry, and with justification.
justified: a. 有正当理由的
As the goods was damaged, she felt justified in asking for her money back.
injustice: n. 不公正 [in 否定前缀] eg: Pride and Injustice 傲慢与偏见
unjust: a. 不公正 [un否定前缀]
adjust: v. 调整, 使…适应 [ad 朝向 + just 正 调整]
adjust the watch/the focus of camera/ adjust oneself to
调表/调整焦距/ 使…适应
adjustment: n.
adjustable: a. 可调整的
2. sign=mark 记号, 符号
sign: n. 记号, 符号; 招牌; 迹象; 手势 v. 签名, 示意
traffic sign 交通灯/deaf-and-dumb signs 聋哑语
signal: n. 信号;预兆 [-al名词后缀]
signature: n. 签名 [-ture名词后缀]
signify: v. 意味着, 表明 Dark clouds signify rain.
significant: a. 有意义的, 意味深长的,重要的
signification: n. 含义
design: n./v. 设计, 预定 [de-加强意义]
designer: n. fashion designer 服装设计师
designate: v. 表明, 指示; 指定 He was designated as the director.
assign: v. 指定, 指派,分配 [as-加强意义] eg: assign sb to do sth ;
assignment: n. 分配的工作, 作业 heavy reading assignment
assignation: n. 选定, 分配
resign: v. 辞职, 放弃 [re=off 离去]
3．center/centre: n. 中心
central: a. central nervous system/air conditioning 中枢神经系统;中央空调
centralize: v. 使中心化, 集中 [ ize-动词后缀]
concentrate: v. 集中,专心 [con= together ]
I can’t concentrate my mind on the study.
4.liter=letter 文字, 字母
letter: n.信, 字母 ,文学(pl.)
literature: n. 文学
literal: a. 文字的, 字面上的 literal translation 字面翻译
literary: a. 文学的 literary works/ critics 文学作品; 文学评论
literate: a.能识字会写的 Only a few of those peasants(农民) are literate.
Literacy: n. 有文化, 识字 the adult literacy campaign 成人扫盲运动
illiterate: a. 文盲 [il- 否定前缀] computer illiterate 计算机盲
semi-literate: 半文盲 [semi=half]
anti-illiterate: 扫盲 [anti=against]
Unit 2 家族认亲-举一反十
1. vac, vacu=empty 空
vacant: a. 空的, 未被占用的, 空缺的
比较 blank, empty, vacant, bare vacant: 未被占用的 vacant room/ post /time空房间;空缺; 空闲时间 blank: 空白的, 未填写的 blank cheque 空白支票 empty: 空间内空无一物; 无人empty box/house bare: 表面光秃秃, 空无一物 bare hill/head 光秃秃的山; 秃头
vacate: v. 使空出, 腾出 vacate the hotel room
vacation: n. 假期(空闲) be on vacation /go on vacation 度假/summer vacation
vacancy: n. 空白, 空地, 空缺, 空虚
fill a vacancy in one’s knowledge 填补知识空白
vacuum: n./a./v. 真空; 真空的; 使真空
vacuum cleaner/ packaging 真空吸尘器; 真空包装
2. grad, gred=step, grade, go
grade: n./v. 等级, 分数; 分等, 评分
in the second grade 二年级 / got grade A in the exam 考试得了A 等
gradation: n. 等级, 层次, 刻度 gradation on the thermometer 温度计上的刻度
gradual: a. 逐渐的, 缓坡的 gradual increase/ recovery 逐步提高/恢复
graduate: v./n. 获得学位,毕业/准予毕业, 提高, 升级; 大学毕业生, 毕业生, 研究生
v. He graduated from/ was graduated from Oxford. 他从牛津大学毕业
The school graduates 2000 students each year. 这个学校每年有2000名毕业生
n. a graduate in medicine 医科毕业生;
graduate course/ school 研究生课程;研究生院
graduated: a. 毕业的; 分阶段的; 累进的 graduated tax 累进税
postgraduate: 研究生
undergraduate: 本科生
upgrade: 升级, 提拔; 上坡
degradation: 降级 [de=down]
3. press=press, force 压, 强迫
press: v./n. 按, 压, 挤,紧贴, 强迫; 印刷, 出版; 报刊, 出版社, 新闻界
press the button/ the juice 按按钮/榨汁; foreign press 外文刊物
pressing: a. 紧迫的 pressing business/ need 急事; 急需
pressure: n. 压力, 强制 blood pressure 血压/ international pressure 国际压力
compress: v. 压缩 [ com=together]
depress: v. 压抑, 使沮丧, 压下 [ de=down]
depressed: a. 压抑的, 沮丧的 feel / be depressed at sth
depressing: a. 令人压抑的, 沮丧的 the depressing atmosphere令人压抑的气氛
depression: n. 压抑
express: v./a./n. 表达; 压; 特快的; 快运 [ex=out 往外压, 挤 表达,加快]
(1) express oneself 表达自己
(2) express telegram加急电报/company快递公司/train 特快列车
(3) by express 特快/ express way 高速公路
expression: n. 表达, 词句, 措辞; 表情
common expression 普通用语/facial expression 面部表情
impress: v. 印, 盖印; 留下印象 [im=in 印到里面 留下印象]
be impressed by对…留下印象/ impressed stamp 盖过戳的邮票
impression: n. 印象, 盖印 He made an impression on her. 他给她留下深刻的印象
impressive: a. 给人深刻印象的, 感人的
suppress: v. 压制, 抑制 suppress the book 查禁这本书; suppress a yawn 忍住哈欠
4. vit, viv, vig=life 生命
vitamin: n. 维他命, 维生素
This vegetable contains vitamins. 这种蔬菜包含多种维他命
vivid: a. 鲜艳的, 活泼的, 生动的 vivid color/ girl/ descrīption(描述)
survive: v. 幸存(于); 比…长命 [ sur-超过]
survive (after) the earthquake(地震)/ survive sb three years
同类名词变化形式 v. n. arrive -arrival survive-survival revive—revival approve—approval remove—removal
survival: n. 幸存 [-al 名词后缀]
survivor: n. 幸存者
revive: v. 复活 [re=again]
revival: n. 复活
vital: a. 生命的; 充满活力的;
生死攸关的; 至关重要的
It is vital to keep secret.
5. auto=self 自己
automobile: n. [ auto=(self); mobile=(移动)] 汽车
automatic: a. 自动的
automatically: adv.
automation: n. 自动化
autobiography: n. [auto=(self); bio=(life); graphy=(writing) 自我人生的描述]
自传
autobiographer: n. 自传作家
autonomy: n. [nomy=(法) 自己的法] 自治, 自治权, 自主权
autonomous: a. 自治的, 自主的
Unit 3
家族认亲---举一反十
1. equ,equi=equal
equal: a. 相等的, 胜任的 be equal to 能胜任…的
n. 对等的人或物 the equal ōf = the equivalent of;
He has no equal in music. 在音乐方面无人能与他匹敌
v. 比得上, 等于 None of us can equal him in English.
equality: n. 平等, 同等 [ty 名词后缀]
equate: v. 等同于 Wealth should not be equated with happiness.
equator: n. 赤道
equation: n. 方程式, 等式
equivalent: a./n. 相等的, 等价的相应物, 等价物 [val-价值(value)]
be equivalent to sth/doing
That would be equivalent to teaching him not to meddle in my affairs.
那就等于叫他别来干涉我的事
the equivalent of
A refrigerator that costs/is the equivalent of a whole year’s salary
一个相当于一年工资的冰箱
equivalence: n. 等价, 等效; 等意
equivocal: a. 含糊其辞的, 暧昧的 [voc=voice]
eg: equivocal reply/ position
adequate: a. 足够的 [ad=toward 朝向; equate 相等]
inadequate: a. 不足
2. ag/ ac=do
act: n. 行动(具体); (一)幕; 法令, 条例; v. 起作用(on), 表演
an act of crulty/mercy 残忍的行为/ 慈善之举
actor/ actress: 男/女演员
女性/雌性表达法: princess公主, 王妃 waitress 女招待 stewardess空姐 authoress 女作家 lioness 母狮子tigress 母老虎 she-wolf 母狼
action: n. 行动(抽象) take action采取行动
Action speaking is louder than word. 行动胜于雄辩.
activity: 活动(各种社交活动等) campus activities 校园活动
active: a. 活跃的, 在行动的 active girl/ volcano(火山)
acting: a. 代理的 acting premier(代理总理)
activate: v. 使…动 activate the motor 启动马达
activator: n. 活化剂, 催化剂
actual: a. 实际的, 现实的 actual life/figure 现实 生活; 实际数字
actually: adv.
transact: v. 办理, 处理 [trans- 贯穿, 转移] transact business 处理业务
transaction: n. cash transaction 现金交易
interact: 相互影响, 相互作用 [inter-在…中间, 相互]
interaction: n. 相互作用
react: v. 反应, 反作用 [re-反]
How does acid react on metals? 酸在金属上如何起反应?
reactor: n. nuclear reactor 原子反应堆
reaction: n. 反应 reaction to=response to
He has no reaction to my answer.
exact: 精确的, 确切的
to be exact 准确地说/ exact time 准确的时间/ exact scholar严谨的学者
exactness: n.
exactly: adv.
agent: n. 代理, 代理商 real estate agent 房地产代理/ universal agent全权代理
agency: n. 代理处
agenda: n. 日程 put sth on the agenda
3. -wise 与…相似
likewise: adv. 同样地
clockwise: 顺时针地
anticlockwise: 逆时针地
sleepwalkerwise: 象梦游般地
4. inter=在…中间, 相互
interact: v. 相互作用
interchange: v. 呼唤, 交流
interdepend: v. 互相依靠
intercontinential: a. 洲际间的 intercontinential missil 洲际导弹
interfere: v. 妨碍, 打扰 Don’t interfere with his work.
interject: v. 插入
interlock: v. 连锁 interlock devices 连锁装置
international: a. 国际的
interpersonal: a. 人于人之间的 interpersonal relationships 人际关系
interpret: v. 理解为, 看作; 翻译 I interpreted his silence as a refusal.
interrupte: v. 打断 The remark interrupts his flow of thought.这话打断了他的思路
intersect: v. 交叉; 相接
interval: n. 间隔, 间距 at intervals 偶尔; 每隔一段距离
(1) Proper interval should be maintained between vehicles.
(2) The train leaves the station at intervals of one hour.
interview: v./n. 面试, 接见, 采访
Unit 4:
家族认亲---举一反十
1. sphere: n. 球形
spherical: a. 球形的
atmosphere: n. [stmo=air] 大气层, 气氛
semi-sphere: n.半球 [semi- 半 (eg: semiautomatic 半自动的; semicolony 半殖民地的
semiconductor 半导体 semicircle 半圆形)]
2. fact, fect, fic= do
fact: n. in fact 实际上 as a matter of fact/ in fact 实际上, 事实上
factor: n.要素, 因素 [or-名词后缀 “起作用的部分”]
factory: n.工厂
artifact: n. 人工制品
facture: n. 制作, 制作法
manufacture: v. n. 加工, 制造, 产品(pl) [ manu=hand 古时手工操作-生产]
facility: n. (pl) 设备, 设施(便于做事的东西)
affect: v. 影响, 感动;假装
(1) Pollution affects the health. 污染影响健康
(2) He affected deafness to ignore his wife’s nagging.
他装聋作哑, 不理睬他妻子的唠叨
affection: n. 感情, 爱; 影响
affection for one’s children对孩子的爱(比love 更持久深厚)
effect: n./v. 结果, 效果, 作用, 影响 have effect on sth 对…产生影响
take effect/come into effect 实施, 生效 side effect 副作用
effective: a. 有效的 The law will become effective/ come into effect from July 1.
defect: n. [de-否定 “做得不够”] 缺点, 缺陷
perfect: a./v. [per-彻底] 完美的, 完全的(同excellent无比较级和最高级); 使…完善
infect: v. [in-进入 影响到里面 ]传染, 感染
infection: n.
infectious: a. 传染的, 有感染力的 infectious disease/ laugh 传染病; 有感染力的笑
efficient: a. 有效率的; 有能力的
efficiency: n. 效率
sufficient: a. 足够的 He has sufficient money but he still thinks it is not enough.
他有足够的钱, 但他还是认为不够(enough 愿望上的满足)
3. duc, duct=lead 引导
educate: v. 教育 [e/ex=out 把人从愚昧中引导出来] well-educated person
education: n.
produce: v. n. [pro=forward 向前引出]生产, 制造; 显示, 拿出
I produced a ballon and gave it to the child.
product: n. 产品, 产物
production: n. 产量, 生产
conduct: n. v. 引导, 带领; 传导 [con-加强语气 ]
conduct heat/ electricity 导热/ 导电
conductor: 领队, 指挥; 导线, 导体 ; 售票员
reduce: v. 还原, 缩小 [re= backward 回]
reduction: n.
deduce: v. 演绎,推断, [de=down 往下导出 推断]
introduce: v. 介绍; 引入 [intro=inter 进入]
introduction: n. 介绍; 传入; 引言, 导论 introduction to (not OF) the book书的导言
Unit 5:
1. ced, ceed, cess=go
proceed: v. 前进, 进行; 开始; proceed to do/ with sth开始; 继续[pro=forward]
proceed的四个名词 precession: 行列, 队伍, 游行 funeral procession 送葬队伍 procedure: 程序, 手续,步骤 the procedure for opening an account 开账户的手续 proceeding: (会议等)进程,记录(pl.) the whole proceeding of the meeting process: 过程, 步骤, 加工工序 inprocess of 在…过程中
precedent : a. /n. 优先的, 先例 [ pre=before]
preceding: a. 在前的 preceding year 前几年
exceed: v. 超出, 胜过[ ex=out] exceed the speed limit 超速
excess: n. / a. 超越, 过量; 额外的
an excess of enthusiasm 过分热情 in excess of 超过
excessive: a. 过分的; 过度的 an excessive demanding 过分的要求
succeed: v. 继承, 接替(to) (sb as sth); 成功(in)
He succeeded Clinton as the President.
He succeeded in getting the job.
successor: 继承人, 接班人 successor to the throne 王位继承人
succession: n. 连续, 接连
ten years in succession 连续十年; a succession of 一连串
successive: a. 连续的 ten successive years连续十年
access: n. [ac/ad- 朝向; cess 走] 进入, 接近; 入口
gain / have access to the library/the President 进入图书馆; 接近总统
a man of easy access 容易接近的人
inaccessible: a. 不容易接近的 [in 否定前缀]
ancestor: n. [an=ante 先; ces走; -or 人] 祖先
intercede: v. [inter 中间; ced 走] 调停; 为…说情
recede: v. [re=back; ced 走] 后退
recession: n. 衰退
2. view 看, 观察
view: n./v. 景象, 风景; 观点; 眼界; 观察, 考虑
viewpoint: n. 观点
interview: v. [inter-相互; view 看] 接见, 采访; 面试
preview: [pre=before + view 看] 预习
review: [re=again; view 看] 复习
3. verse, vert=turn 翻转
university: n. 大学(综合性的) [uni=和为一体; verse 转; ty 名词后缀]
universe: n. [uni=和为一体; verse 转] 宇宙, 万物
universal: a. 宇宙的, 世界的; 普遍的, 全体的; 通用的
universal language / gravitation/agent通用的语言/ 万有引力/全权代理
verse: n. 诗,韵文 [诗,韵文一般分行写]
version: n. [vers 转; ion 名词后缀 翻转成另一版本]版本;译文;说法
The book has been translated into many versions and sold all over the world.
anniversary: n. [ann = one year; verse 转] 周年纪念日
wedding anniversary 结婚周年纪念日
advertise: vt./ vi.[ad=toward 朝向; verse 转 使注意力转向] 作广告
advertisement: n. 广告 neon-light advertisement 霓虹灯广告; (ad 为缩写)
extrovert: v./n. [ extro 向外; verse 转] 外翻; 外向; 外向的人
introvert :v./n. [intro 向内 ; verse 转] 内翻; 内向; 内向的人
diverse: a. [ di-分开; verse 转] 不同的
The wild life in Africa is diverse from that in Asia.
非洲的野生动物与亚洲的有很大不同。
diversity: n. 不同 a great diversity of interest 广泛的兴趣
convert: v. [con 加强语气] 变换;转化
convert water power into electricity 把水利变成电力
conversion: n.
conversation: n. 谈话, 交谈
adverse: a. [ad = 向; verse 转] adverse wind/fortune/ conditions 逆风; 厄运; 逆境
divorce: v./n. [di-分开; vorce/verse 转] 与…离婚 (用法与 marry 一样)
She divorced her husband; The court divorced them; He got divorced last month.
她与丈夫离婚了; 法院判他们离婚了; 他上个月离婚了。
vertical: a. 垂直的 [转到竖直的位置]
versatile: 多才多艺的; 通用的 a versatile material/man 万能材料; 多才多艺的人
4.
able: a. 有能力的; 出色的 an able manager; be able to do…
ability: n. 能力 I have the ability to do the work.
inability: n. 无能 [in-否定前缀]
disable: v. [dis-否定前缀] 使丧失能力, 使伤残
(1) He was disabled in the accident.
(2) An accident disabled him from playing football.
disabled: a. 残废的 a disabled soldier; the disabled (the + a. 表示一类人)残疾人
enable: v. [en-动词前缀, 表示使……] 使能够； 使可能
The spectacles enable me to see clearly.
以en为动词前缀的词: enlarge扩大; enrich 丰富; ensure 确保, 保护; enlight启发; enjoy 享乐;enlist 招兵; enroll 登记, 入伍; enforce 推行, 执行, 强迫; endure 忍受 endear 使受喜爱;encounter 遭遇; encourage 鼓励
Unit 6:
1. ject=throw, cast 投, 抛
subject: n./ a./v. [sub=under; ject=throw 投于…之下”] 主题, 题目; 学科,科目; 易遭受…的; 使…遭受
(1) My favorite subject is maths. 我最喜欢的科目是数学。
(2) Japan is subject to earthquake. 日本容易遭受地震。
(3) Such an action would subject yourself to punishment. 这么做会使你受到惩罚。
object: n./v. [ob=toward 向; ject 投] 目标, 对象, 宾语; 反对
I object to drinking我反对喝酒; My object is achieved. 我的目的达到了。
objection: n. 反对, 异议; 缺点; 障碍 have (no) objection to 反对/不反对
The plan is open to objection. 该计划还有可商榷之处。
objective: a./n. 客观的, 真实的; 目的 objective view 客观的看法
project: v./n. [pro=forward 向前+ ject 投] 投射, 方应; 伸出; 设计, 工程
projection: n.
projector: a film projector 电影放映机
inject : v. [in 进入+ ject 投] 注射
inject the drugs into my arm 把药/毒品注入我的胳膊
injection: n. 注射
deject: v. [de=down] 使…泄气; 使…沮丧
dejected: a. 沮丧的 (depressed, sad )
jet=jet plane 喷气式飞机
2. cord= heart
core: n. 核心, 中心, 果核 He is English to the core. 他是地道的英国人。
courage: n. [cour=heart; age 名词后缀] 勇气, 胆量
encourage: v. [en- 使 使有勇气 ] 鼓励
discourage: v. [dis-否定前缀] 使…泄气
record: n./v. [re=again; core 心 再用心; 强化记忆; 记录] 记录, 记载; 最高纪录; 履历, 唱片; 登记, 记录; 录音
keep a record of记录;break/equal the record 打破/平记录
recorder: n. 录音机, 录像机 a tape recorder 磁带录音机
accord: n. [ac/ad=toward; cord 心] 一致, 符合; 协议;
What you said does not accord with your behavīor. 你的言行不一致。
according: prep. According to our record, you’ve been in prison twice.
根据我们的记录, 你已经入狱两次。
accordance: n. You should play in accordance with the new rule.
你应根据新的规则来玩。
accordingly: adv. 相应地, 因此
discord: n. [dis-否定前缀] 不和谐
The discord of the music is hard on the ear 不和谐的音乐真难听。
concord: n. [con=together] 和谐, 一致 live in concord with 与…和睦相处
cordial: a. 衷心的, 真诚的 cordial welcome 热诚的欢迎
3. point=刺, 扎. 点
point: n./v. 尖, 点, 小数点; 条款, 细目; 分数, 得分; 要点, 论点; 指向(at, to);
表明(out)
(1) It’s rude to point at others.用手指(2) 别人不(3) 礼貌
(4) I like to come to the point straightly.我喜欢直截了当
(5) He pointed out my mistake for me to correct.他指(6) 出我的错误让我改正
(7) Your answer is short and to the point. 你的回答简明扼要
(8) In my point of view, you should carry on with the plan.
以我的观点来看, 你应该继续你的计划
appoint: v. [ap=ad 朝向; point 指] 任命. 指派, 指定
(1) Members of Parliament are elected, but Ministers are appointed.
议员是选举产生的, 但部长是被指定的
(2) Let’s appoint a time for the meeting.
appointed: a. 指定的, 约定的
appointment: n. 任命; 职位; 约定
(1) I have an appointment with the dentist.
(2) The State Secretary acclaimed to design the appointment.
国务卿宣布要辞职
disappoint: v. [dis-不; appoint-指 不能指望]使失望
disappointed: a. 失望的
disappointment: n. 失望
To my disaapointment, he didn’t show up. 使我失望的是, 他没来
Unit 7:
1. graph, gram=write, draw 写,画
photograph: n. [photo 光 把光写下来] 照片
paragraph: n. 段落
telegraph: n. [tele- 从远处发来的文字] 电报
telegram: n. 电报
gramophone: n. [phone 声音 把声音写下来的机器] 留声机
grammar: n. 语法[关于写的一些规则]
diagram: n. [dia=through] 图表, 图解
gram: n. 克 [原为重量计上的一个符号]
kilogram: n. 千克 [ kilo-千 如kilometer 千米]
program: n. [pro=forward 先, 前; gram 写] 计划, 大纲; 节目单; 程序
programmer: n. 编程员
2. vance=front 在先
advance: v. /n.. [ad=toward 朝向+vance 前] 前进, 推进; 提前; 提升; 预付
Pay the rent in advance 预付房租。
He was advanced to the position of manager. 他被晋升为经理。
advanced: a. 先进的, 领先的; 高等的, 高级的; 晚期的, 上年纪的
advanced in technology技术领先 advanced mathematics 高等数学
advanced stomach cancer 晚期胃癌 advanced age of 90. 90岁高龄;
advantage: n. 优点, 长处; 利益
(1) You should take advantage of your superiority. 你要利用你的优势。
(2) The college education give her advantage over others.
大学教育使她比别人有优势。
disadvantage: n. [dis 否定前缀] 不利, 不利条件
advantageous: a. 有利的
3. leg=law
legal: 法定的, 合法的 legal heir 法定继承人
illegal: a. [il- 否定前缀] 非法的
legacy: n. 遗产[依法继承的东西]
legalize: v. [ize- 动词后缀] 使…合法化
legalization: n. 合法化, 批准
legislate: v. 立法
legislation: n. 立法, 法规
privilege: n. [priv-私人的; leg 法律 法律赋予私人的权利] 特权
She had led a life of luxury and privilege. 她过着养尊处优的生活。
privileged: a. 有特权的 privileged class 特权阶级
4. loc=place 地方
local: a./n. 当地的; 地方性的; 局部的
local court/dialect/pain/infection 地方法庭;当地方言;局部疼痛; 局部感染
locale: n. (事故或故事)发生的地点, 场所
locate: v. 找出; 把…设置在; 位于(用被动语态)
(1) He located a peak in the pipe.
(2) The company wants to locate the new factory near the road.
(3) The school is located at downtown.
location: n.位置,场所, 景地
(1) She was followed by the radio location.她被无线电定位系统跟踪
(2) It’s expensive to film in foreign location.在国外景地拍电影太贵了
allocate: v. [al=ad 向; loc-地方]分配; 拨给
The local government allocated a sum of money for the education.
当地政府拨出一笔教育经费
Unit8:
1. flu, flux=flow 流
flow: v. 流动, 飘扬(旗), 飘垂(头发) Her hair flows down over her shoulder.
overflow: v./n. 溢出, 洋溢; 泛滥
flu: n. [influenza 的缩写] 流感
fluency: n. [-ency 名词后缀] 流利, 流畅 speak with great fluency
fluent: a. 流畅的, 流利的 fluent speech/ curves 流畅的演讲/曲线
fluid: n./a. 流体, 流质的; 流动的, 易变的; 流畅的
cleaning fluid 去污液; fluid population 流动人口; fluid capital流动的资本
influence: v./n. [in-进入; flu 流; -ence名词后缀] 影响 (on )
My father had great influence on me (指潜移默化的影响)
influential: a. 有影响力的 influential person/ speech
fluctuate: v. 波动, 涨伏the price fluctuates with season. 价格随季节变动
flush: v./n. 冲洗(厕所等); (突然)脸红
flush the toilet(厕所) after using it; flush with embarrassment 因为尴尬而脸红;
affluence: n. 丰富, 富裕; 涌入, 流入
2. fend, fence=strike 击打
fence: n./v. 篱笆, 栅栏 /击剑术 /用栅栏围上/ 击剑
sit on the fence 骑墙; 抱观望态度; She is good at fencing(剑术)
defend: 包围, 防守(from, against); 为…辩护
(1) We defend ourselves against the enemy. 防御敌人。(against不能省)
(2) The lawyer defended the accused. 律师为被告辩护。(不需for)
defensive: a.
defendant: n. 被告
offend: v. 得罪, 冒犯 I offend her. 我冒犯了她。
offence/ offense : n. 冒犯, 触怒; 过错
She takes offence easily. 她易动怒。
offensive：a. 讨厌的, 无礼的
Unit 9:
1. volve, volut=roll 翻转
involve: v. [in-进入； volve 翻转] 使卷入, 陷入; 牵扯
be involved in the war 被卷入战争；the person involved(定语) 受牵连的人
revolve: v. 旋转 [re= again]
the revolving door 旋转门; The moon revolves around the earth.
revolution: n. 旋转;革命 [翻天覆地的变化]
evolve: v. [e/ex=out； volve 翻转] 进化, 发展
evolution: n. 进化, 演化, 发展
volume: n. [古时的书是”卷”起来 收藏的] 卷, 册; 体积, 容积; 音量
Vol. 2 第二卷; play the stereo in full volume 把音响放到最大音量
revolt: n./v. 反叛, 起义
2. proach, prox=接近
approach: v./n. 向…靠近; 接近; 途径, 方法
at the approach of the Spring Festival 随着春节的来临;
an easy approach to English 学英语的窍门
approximate: a./v. 近似的, 大约的; 接近
approximately: adv. 大约地
proximate: a. 最近的
3. gen, gin, germ=bear, produce, race 产生,
gene: n. 遗传因子, 基因 gene pool 基因库
genetic: a. 遗传的 genetic code/ engineering 遗传密码; 遗传工程
genetics: n. 遗传学
generate: v. 产生, 生殖, 引起 generate heat/ electricity 产生热/电
generation: n. 生殖, 代, 产生 generation gap代沟/my generation 我这一代
degenerate: v./n./a. [de=down] 衰退, 退化; 堕落的; 堕落者
regenerate: v. [re=again] 再生
generator: n. 发电机, 发生器
genius: n. 天才, 天赋 a man of genius 天才
genuine: a. 真正的, 非人造的 a genuine picture of Picasso 毕加索的真迹画
gentle: a. [出身高贵的] 和蔼的, 文雅的
gentleman: n. 绅士, 先生
generous: a. 慷慨的, 宽厚的, 宽宏大量的
hydrogen: n. [hydro=water 能产生水的物质] 氢
oxygen: [oxy 酸 能产生气味(酸味)的物质] 氧
oxygenated: a. 充满氧气的
4. tect= cover 盖
protect: v. 保护; 装保险的
(1) protected rifle 有保险装置的步枪
(2) protect the crops against frost 保护庄稼免受霜冻
(3) The insurance company will protect you from loss.
protection: n. 保护 bring a gun for one’s own protection 带只枪防身
protectionism: n. 保护主义
protective: a. 保护的; 防护的; 关切爱护的 protective coloring 保护色
She is too protective towards his son, which is not good for his independence.
unprotected: a. 未受保护的
detect: v. [de-除去; tect=cover] 发现, 觉察
detectaphone: n. 窃听器
detective: a./n. 探测的; 侦探 detective novel 侦探 小说
detector: n. 探测器
detection: n. 觉察, 发觉 His crime escaped detection. 他的罪行没有败露
architect: n. [arch-拱形的; tect覆盖物 设计拱形覆盖物的人] 建筑师
architecture: n. 建筑学, 建筑风格
Unit 10:
常见音乐名词 jazz 爵士乐 symphony 交响乐 classical music 古典音乐 rock 摇滚乐 pop music流行音乐 light music 轻音乐 folk music 民间音乐 country music 乡村音乐 band 乐队orchestra 管弦乐队 conductor 指挥 composer 作曲家 musician 音乐家 performer 表演者scale 音阶 tune 音调 melody 旋律 rhythm 节奏 beat/tempo 拍子 organ 手风琴 horn 号drum 鼓 piano 钢琴 violin 小提琴guitar 吉他 pipe 笛 flute 长笛 opera 歌剧 ballet 芭蕾words 歌词
Unit 11:
1. cur=walk
current: n./a. 流, 气流, 水流, 电流, 潮流; 流行的; 通用的
currency: n. 通货, 货币 foreign currency 外币
currently: adv. 目前
curriculum: n. 课程, 课程表
occur: v. 发生, 出现; [跑到脑子里来]被想起 It occurs to me that…我突然想起…
occurrence : n. 发生, 出现
excurse: v. 旅行 [ex=out]
excursion: n. 游览(集体), 远足
incur: v. 招致, 引起
corridor: n. 走廊, 通路
course: n. 进程, 过程, 路线, 课程, 一道菜 in the course of 在…过程中
2. pos, posit=put 放置
position: n. 位置, 职位, 立场, 姿势
propose: v. [pro=forward 放到前面] 建议, 提议 (跟虚拟语气从句)
proposal: n. [al-名词后缀] 建议, 提议
oppose: v. [op/ob=against 置于相反的位置]反对, 反抗
opposite: a. /a./prep./adv. 对立面; 相反的; 在对面 I sit opposite to him.
depose: v. [de=down] 罢黜 The king was deposed.
deposit: n./v. 沉淀, 储蓄, 寄存;押金,沉积物
I had gived the landlord a deposite of 500 yuan before I moved in.
expose: v. [ex=out] 暴露, 揭露, 曝光
(1) The film has been exposed to light.胶卷已经曝光了。
(2) The teenagers are exposed to violence and crime on the TV too much.
青少年受电视中的暴力和犯罪的影响太多了。
exposure: n. 暴露, 揭露, 曝光
exposition: n. 陈列, 展览会
compose: v. [com=together 放到一起] 创作(歌曲等); 组成
be composed ōf=be made up of; consist of
composition: n. 作品, 成分, 素质, 性格, 合成
composite: a./n. 合成的, 合成物
composer: n. 作曲家, 作者, 调停者
interpose: v. [inter-中间] 调停
impose: v. 强加于, 征税
dispose: v. [dis-分开; pose 放] 安排, 布置; 处理 (of)
All the furniture has been disposed of. 所有的家具都被处理掉了
disposable: a. 一次性的(用完可处理掉的);可支配的
disposable
postpone: v. [post-back 往后 + pone=put 放] 推迟, 延期
opponent: n. 敌手, 对手, 反对者
component: n./a. 部件, 元件; 构成的
3. ōpt=choose
option: n. 选择, 选择权 I have no option 我别无选择 at one’s option 随意
optional: a. 可任选的optional course/subject 选修课(compulsory course 必修课)
optimistic: a.[选择最好的] 乐观的 (pessimistic 悲观的)
optimist: n. 乐天派, 乐观主义者 (pessimist 悲观主义者)
optimism: n. 乐观主义 (pessimism 悲观主义)
optimum: a. 最优的, 最佳的
adopt: v. 采用; 收养[ad 加强语气] adopt an orphan收养一个孤儿/ adopted son养子
(区分adapt- 使…适应, 改编)
adoption: n.
adoptive: a. adoptive parents 养父母
5. ann, enn= a year 年
annual: a./n. 每年的, 年度的 annual salary 年薪
anniversary: n./a. 周年的, 年年的; 周年纪念日
Unit 12:
1. circ=ring 圈
cycle: n. /v. 圈, 车轮; 循环, 周期; 环绕 The earth circles the sun.
bicycle: [bi=two]自行车
tricycle: [tri=three] 三轮车
motorcycle: 摩托车
recycle: v. [re=again] 再循环, 回收再用
circle: n./v. 圆周, 圆, 圈子; 环绕 political circle 政界
semicircle: [semi=half] 半圆
circulate: 循环, 流通, 传播 Rumor circulates quickly. 谣言传播很快
circulation: n. 循环, 流通, 传播, 发行
the circulation of blood/ faked banknotes / newspaper
血液循环; 假钞的流通; 报纸的发行
circus: n.马戏团[围成圈的场地]
circuit: n. 环行; 电路, 线路, 联赛
circumference: n. 周长
circumstance: n. [circ- 环 + st-立 + ance 名词后缀 位于周围的事物] 环境, 情况 under this circumstances 在这种情况下; under no circumstances 无论如何
2. lect= choose 选择
collect: v. [co=together] 收集
collective: a. 集体的
elect: v. [e/ex=out 选出来] 选举
select: v. [se-分开] 挑选
neglect: v. [ neg=not 未; lect 选 遗漏] 忽略, 忽视 neglect one’s duty玩忽职守
intellect: [intel=inter 从中; lect 选] 才华出众的人; 非凡的才智
intellectual: n. 知识分子
intelligence: n. 智力, 聪明; 情报
intelligent: a. 聪明的
elegant: a. [e/ex=out + lect 选-精选出来的]讲究的, 优雅的, 简练的
3. soi, socio=companion, society 社会, 团体
society: n. 社会, 群居; 协会, 社, 团体; 社会上层
a drama society 戏剧社; society beauty 交际花
social: a.社会的; 群居的; 社交的,联欢的; 合群的
social welfare(福利)/ problem/insects(昆虫)/ evening/ person
sociable: a. 好交际的; 合群的
socialism: n. 社会主义 (capitalism 资本主义)
socioeconomics: n. 社会经济学
associate: a./v./n. 联合的; 预备的, 副的; 合伙人, 伙伴; 与…交往; 把…联系在一起
(1) associate producer of the film 联合制片人
(2) associate editor/ professor/member 副编辑;副教授; 预备(3) 会员
(4) Don’t associate with dishonest people. 不(5) 要与不(6) 诚实的人交往
(7) It’s not right to associate happiness with money.
把幸福与金钱联系在一起使不对的
association: n. 联合, 联系; 友情, 交往; 协会, 社团; 联想
(1) His French improved greatly because of his association with native speakers.
(2) We worked in association with that firm to raise money for the homeless.
我们和那个公司联合为无家可归的人筹款
(3) The British Medical Association 英国医学联合会
英语单词中约90%的词都是由词根、前缀、后缀构成的，而且都是学生记忆比较困难的词。将来的考研词汇、托福词汇、专业外语词汇也是与词根密不可分的。我做过试验，让学生在10分钟内记忆三组同一家族（即同一词根的）词，约30个单词。 随后检验结果非常好，即使是学习成绩还不算好的学生都差欢嗄芗亲 ?四级词汇所需词根约150个， 能扩展出近2000单词。加上高中所学1800单词， 基本能满足四级 考试所需词汇。这里将陆续推出在我们所学的当代大学英语每一册各单元的词汇表中构词力较强的词根。所以只要你每天抽出10分钟记忆一个单元的词，再花10分钟自测一下，50天坚持下来相信你的词汇量绝对是今昔非比！而且你学会了一种能力-猜词，这对你今后的自学、发展、深造都是一大笔本钱。更重要的是，这样记忆的词不容易忘掉了！
Unit 1 家族认亲-举一反十
1.just=right 正
just: a./adv. 正义的, 公平的;应得的;合理的; 刚好
just price/punishment 公正的价钱/应得的惩罚 just now 刚才
justice: n. 正义, 正直, 司法
sense of justice 正义感/treat sb with justice 公正地对待某人
justify: v. 证明…为合理,正当;辩护 [-fy 动词后缀]
Nothing can justify your cheating in the exam.
justifiable: a.可证明为正当的;无可非议的 [-able形容词后缀]
justifiable abortion 正当的流产
justification: n. 正当理由 He was getting angry, and with justification.
justified: a. 有正当理由的
As the goods was damaged, she felt justified in asking for her money back.
injustice: n. 不公正 [in 否定前缀] eg: Pride and Injustice 傲慢与偏见
unjust: a. 不公正 [un否定前缀]
adjust: v. 调整, 使…适应 [ad 朝向 + just 正 调整]
adjust the watch/the focus of camera/ adjust oneself to
调表/调整焦距/ 使…适应
adjustment: n.
adjustable: a. 可调整的
2. sign=mark 记号, 符号
sign: n. 记号, 符号; 招牌; 迹象; 手势 v. 签名, 示意
traffic sign 交通灯/deaf-and-dumb signs 聋哑语
signal: n. 信号;预兆 [-al名词后缀]
signature: n. 签名 [-ture名词后缀]
signify: v. 意味着, 表明 Dark clouds signify rain.
significant: a. 有意义的, 意味深长的,重要的
signification: n. 含义
design: n./v. 设计, 预定 [de-加强意义]
designer: n. fashion designer 服装设计师
designate: v. 表明, 指示; 指定 He was designated as the director.
assign: v. 指定, 指派,分配 [as-加强意义] eg: assign sb to do sth ;
assignment: n. 分配的工作, 作业 heavy reading assignment
assignation: n. 选定, 分配
resign: v. 辞职, 放弃 [re=off 离去]
3．center/centre: n. 中心
central: a. central nervous system/air conditioning 中枢神经系统;中央空调
centralize: v. 使中心化, 集中 [ ize-动词后缀]
concentrate: v. 集中,专心 [con= together ]
I can’t concentrate my mind on the study.
4.liter=letter 文字, 字母
letter: n.信, 字母 ,文学(pl.)
literature: n. 文学
literal: a. 文字的, 字面上的 literal translation 字面翻译
literary: a. 文学的 literary works/ critics 文学作品; 文学评论
literate: a.能识字会写的 Only a few of those peasants(农民) are literate.
Literacy: n. 有文化, 识字 the adult literacy campaign 成人扫盲运动
illiterate: a. 文盲 [il- 否定前缀] computer illiterate 计算机盲
semi-literate: 半文盲 [semi=half]
anti-illiterate: 扫盲 [anti=against]
Unit 2 家族认亲-举一反十
1. vac, vacu=empty 空
vacant: a. 空的, 未被占用的, 空缺的
比较 blank, empty, vacant, bare vacant: 未被占用的 vacant room/ post /time空房间;空缺; 空闲时间 blank: 空白的, 未填写的 blank cheque 空白支票 empty: 空间内空无一物; 无人empty box/house bare: 表面光秃秃, 空无一物 bare hill/head 光秃秃的山; 秃头
vacate: v. 使空出, 腾出 vacate the hotel room
vacation: n. 假期(空闲) be on vacation /go on vacation 度假/summer vacation
vacancy: n. 空白, 空地, 空缺, 空虚
fill a vacancy in one’s knowledge 填补知识空白
vacuum: n./a./v. 真空; 真空的; 使真空
vacuum cleaner/ packaging 真空吸尘器; 真空包装
2. grad, gred=step, grade, go
grade: n./v. 等级, 分数; 分等, 评分
in the second grade 二年级 / got grade A in the exam 考试得了A 等
gradation: n. 等级, 层次, 刻度 gradation on the thermometer 温度计上的刻度
gradual: a. 逐渐的, 缓坡的 gradual increase/ recovery 逐步提高/恢复
graduate: v./n. 获得学位,毕业/准予毕业, 提高, 升级; 大学毕业生, 毕业生, 研究生
v. He graduated from/ was graduated from Oxford. 他从牛津大学毕业
The school graduates 2000 students each year. 这个学校每年有2000名毕业生
n. a graduate in medicine 医科毕业生;
graduate course/ school 研究生课程;研究生院
graduated: a. 毕业的; 分阶段的; 累进的 graduated tax 累进税
postgraduate: 研究生
undergraduate: 本科生
upgrade: 升级, 提拔; 上坡
degradation: 降级 [de=down]
3. press=press, force 压, 强迫
press: v./n. 按, 压, 挤,紧贴, 强迫; 印刷, 出版; 报刊, 出版社, 新闻界
press the button/ the juice 按按钮/榨汁; foreign press 外文刊物
pressing: a. 紧迫的 pressing business/ need 急事; 急需
pressure: n. 压力, 强制 blood pressure 血压/ international pressure 国际压力
compress: v. 压缩 [ com=together]
depress: v. 压抑, 使沮丧, 压下 [ de=down]
depressed: a. 压抑的, 沮丧的 feel / be depressed at sth
depressing: a. 令人压抑的, 沮丧的 the depressing atmosphere令人压抑的气氛
depression: n. 压抑
express: v./a./n. 表达; 压; 特快的; 快运 [ex=out 往外压, 挤 表达,加快]
(1) express oneself 表达自己
(2) express telegram加急电报/company快递公司/train 特快列车
(3) by express 特快/ express way 高速公路
expression: n. 表达, 词句, 措辞; 表情
common expression 普通用语/facial expression 面部表情
impress: v. 印, 盖印; 留下印象 [im=in 印到里面 留下印象]
be impressed by对…留下印象/ impressed stamp 盖过戳的邮票
impression: n. 印象, 盖印 He made an impression on her. 他给她留下深刻的印象
impressive: a. 给人深刻印象的, 感人的
suppress: v. 压制, 抑制 suppress the book 查禁这本书; suppress a yawn 忍住哈欠
4. vit, viv, vig=life 生命
vitamin: n. 维他命, 维生素
This vegetable contains vitamins. 这种蔬菜包含多种维他命
vivid: a. 鲜艳的, 活泼的, 生动的 vivid color/ girl/ descrīption(描述)
survive: v. 幸存(于); 比…长命 [ sur-超过]
survive (after) the earthquake(地震)/ survive sb three years
同类名词变化形式 v. n. arrive -arrival survive-survival revive—revival approve—approval remove—removal
survival: n. 幸存 [-al 名词后缀]
survivor: n. 幸存者
revive: v. 复活 [re=again]
revival: n. 复活
vital: a. 生命的; 充满活力的;
生死攸关的; 至关重要的
It is vital to keep secret.
5. auto=self 自己
automobile: n. [ auto=(self); mobile=(移动)] 汽车
automatic: a. 自动的
automatically: adv.
automation: n. 自动化
autobiography: n. [auto=(self); bio=(life); graphy=(writing) 自我人生的描述]
自传
autobiographer: n. 自传作家
autonomy: n. [nomy=(法) 自己的法] 自治, 自治权, 自主权
autonomous: a. 自治的, 自主的
Unit 3
家族认亲---举一反十
1. equ,equi=equal
equal: a. 相等的, 胜任的 be equal to 能胜任…的
n. 对等的人或物 the equal ōf = the equivalent of;
He has no equal in music. 在音乐方面无人能与他匹敌
v. 比得上, 等于 None of us can equal him in English.
equality: n. 平等, 同等 [ty 名词后缀]
equate: v. 等同于 Wealth should not be equated with happiness.
equator: n. 赤道
equation: n. 方程式, 等式
equivalent: a./n. 相等的, 等价的相应物, 等价物 [val-价值(value)]
be equivalent to sth/doing
That would be equivalent to teaching him not to meddle in my affairs.
那就等于叫他别来干涉我的事
the equivalent of
A refrigerator that costs/is the equivalent of a whole year’s salary
一个相当于一年工资的冰箱
equivalence: n. 等价, 等效; 等意
equivocal: a. 含糊其辞的, 暧昧的 [voc=voice]
eg: equivocal reply/ position
adequate: a. 足够的 [ad=toward 朝向; equate 相等]
inadequate: a. 不足
2. ag/ ac=do
act: n. 行动(具体); (一)幕; 法令, 条例; v. 起作用(on), 表演
an act of crulty/mercy 残忍的行为/ 慈善之举
actor/ actress: 男/女演员
女性/雌性表达法: princess公主, 王妃 waitress 女招待 stewardess空姐 authoress 女作家 lioness 母狮子tigress 母老虎 she-wolf 母狼
action: n. 行动(抽象) take action采取行动
Action speaking is louder than word. 行动胜于雄辩.
activity: 活动(各种社交活动等) campus activities 校园活动
active: a. 活跃的, 在行动的 active girl/ volcano(火山)
acting: a. 代理的 acting premier(代理总理)
activate: v. 使…动 activate the motor 启动马达
activator: n. 活化剂, 催化剂
actual: a. 实际的, 现实的 actual life/figure 现实 生活; 实际数字
actually: adv.
transact: v. 办理, 处理 [trans- 贯穿, 转移] transact business 处理业务
transaction: n. cash transaction 现金交易
interact: 相互影响, 相互作用 [inter-在…中间, 相互]
interaction: n. 相互作用
react: v. 反应, 反作用 [re-反]
How does acid react on metals? 酸在金属上如何起反应?
reactor: n. nuclear reactor 原子反应堆
reaction: n. 反应 reaction to=response to
He has no reaction to my answer.
exact: 精确的, 确切的
to be exact 准确地说/ exact time 准确的时间/ exact scholar严谨的学者
exactness: n.
exactly: adv.
agent: n. 代理, 代理商 real estate agent 房地产代理/ universal agent全权代理
agency: n. 代理处
agenda: n. 日程 put sth on the agenda
3. -wise 与…相似
likewise: adv. 同样地
clockwise: 顺时针地
anticlockwise: 逆时针地
sleepwalkerwise: 象梦游般地
4. inter=在…中间, 相互
interact: v. 相互作用
interchange: v. 呼唤, 交流
interdepend: v. 互相依靠
intercontinential: a. 洲际间的 intercontinential missil 洲际导弹
interfere: v. 妨碍, 打扰 Don’t interfere with his work.
interject: v. 插入
interlock: v. 连锁 interlock devices 连锁装置
international: a. 国际的
interpersonal: a. 人于人之间的 interpersonal relationships 人际关系
interpret: v. 理解为, 看作; 翻译 I interpreted his silence as a refusal.
interrupte: v. 打断 The remark interrupts his flow of thought.这话打断了他的思路
intersect: v. 交叉; 相接
interval: n. 间隔, 间距 at intervals 偶尔; 每隔一段距离
(1) Proper interval should be maintained between vehicles.
(2) The train leaves the station at intervals of one hour.
interview: v./n. 面试, 接见, 采访
Unit 4:
家族认亲---举一反十
1. sphere: n. 球形
spherical: a. 球形的
atmosphere: n. [stmo=air] 大气层, 气氛
semi-sphere: n.半球 [semi- 半 (eg: semiautomatic 半自动的; semicolony 半殖民地的
semiconductor 半导体 semicircle 半圆形)]
2. fact, fect, fic= do
fact: n. in fact 实际上 as a matter of fact/ in fact 实际上, 事实上
factor: n.要素, 因素 [or-名词后缀 “起作用的部分”]
factory: n.工厂
artifact: n. 人工制品
facture: n. 制作, 制作法
manufacture: v. n. 加工, 制造, 产品(pl) [ manu=hand 古时手工操作-生产]
facility: n. (pl) 设备, 设施(便于做事的东西)
affect: v. 影响, 感动;假装
(1) Pollution affects the health. 污染影响健康
(2) He affected deafness to ignore his wife’s nagging.
他装聋作哑, 不理睬他妻子的唠叨
affection: n. 感情, 爱; 影响
affection for one’s children对孩子的爱(比love 更持久深厚)
effect: n./v. 结果, 效果, 作用, 影响 have effect on sth 对…产生影响
take effect/come into effect 实施, 生效 side effect 副作用
effective: a. 有效的 The law will become effective/ come into effect from July 1.
defect: n. [de-否定 “做得不够”] 缺点, 缺陷
perfect: a./v. [per-彻底] 完美的, 完全的(同excellent无比较级和最高级); 使…完善
infect: v. [in-进入 影响到里面 ]传染, 感染
infection: n.
infectious: a. 传染的, 有感染力的 infectious disease/ laugh 传染病; 有感染力的笑
efficient: a. 有效率的; 有能力的
efficiency: n. 效率
sufficient: a. 足够的 He has sufficient money but he still thinks it is not enough.
他有足够的钱, 但他还是认为不够(enough 愿望上的满足)
3. duc, duct=lead 引导
educate: v. 教育 [e/ex=out 把人从愚昧中引导出来] well-educated person
education: n.
produce: v. n. [pro=forward 向前引出]生产, 制造; 显示, 拿出
I produced a ballon and gave it to the child.
product: n. 产品, 产物
production: n. 产量, 生产
conduct: n. v. 引导, 带领; 传导 [con-加强语气 ]
conduct heat/ electricity 导热/ 导电
conductor: 领队, 指挥; 导线, 导体 ; 售票员
reduce: v. 还原, 缩小 [re= backward 回]
reduction: n.
deduce: v. 演绎,推断, [de=down 往下导出 推断]
introduce: v. 介绍; 引入 [intro=inter 进入]
introduction: n. 介绍; 传入; 引言, 导论 introduction to (not OF) the book书的导言
Unit 5:
1. ced, ceed, cess=go
proceed: v. 前进, 进行; 开始; proceed to do/ with sth开始; 继续[pro=forward]
proceed的四个名词 precession: 行列, 队伍, 游行 funeral procession 送葬队伍 procedure: 程序, 手续,步骤 the procedure for opening an account 开账户的手续 proceeding: (会议等)进程,记录(pl.) the whole proceeding of the meeting process: 过程, 步骤, 加工工序 inprocess of 在…过程中
precedent : a. /n. 优先的, 先例 [ pre=before]
preceding: a. 在前的 preceding year 前几年
exceed: v. 超出, 胜过[ ex=out] exceed the speed limit 超速
excess: n. / a. 超越, 过量; 额外的
an excess of enthusiasm 过分热情 in excess of 超过
excessive: a. 过分的; 过度的 an excessive demanding 过分的要求
succeed: v. 继承, 接替(to) (sb as sth); 成功(in)
He succeeded Clinton as the President.
He succeeded in getting the job.
successor: 继承人, 接班人 successor to the throne 王位继承人
succession: n. 连续, 接连
ten years in succession 连续十年; a succession of 一连串
successive: a. 连续的 ten successive years连续十年
access: n. [ac/ad- 朝向; cess 走] 进入, 接近; 入口
gain / have access to the library/the President 进入图书馆; 接近总统
a man of easy access 容易接近的人
inaccessible: a. 不容易接近的 [in 否定前缀]
ancestor: n. [an=ante 先; ces走; -or 人] 祖先
intercede: v. [inter 中间; ced 走] 调停; 为…说情
recede: v. [re=back; ced 走] 后退
recession: n. 衰退
2. view 看, 观察
view: n./v. 景象, 风景; 观点; 眼界; 观察, 考虑
viewpoint: n. 观点
interview: v. [inter-相互; view 看] 接见, 采访; 面试
preview: [pre=before + view 看] 预习
review: [re=again; view 看] 复习
3. verse, vert=turn 翻转
university: n. 大学(综合性的) [uni=和为一体; verse 转; ty 名词后缀]
universe: n. [uni=和为一体; verse 转] 宇宙, 万物
universal: a. 宇宙的, 世界的; 普遍的, 全体的; 通用的
universal language / gravitation/agent通用的语言/ 万有引力/全权代理
verse: n. 诗,韵文 [诗,韵文一般分行写]
version: n. [vers 转; ion 名词后缀 翻转成另一版本]版本;译文;说法
The book has been translated into many versions and sold all over the world.
anniversary: n. [ann = one year; verse 转] 周年纪念日
wedding anniversary 结婚周年纪念日
advertise: vt./ vi.[ad=toward 朝向; verse 转 使注意力转向] 作广告
advertisement: n. 广告 neon-light advertisement 霓虹灯广告; (ad 为缩写)
extrovert: v./n. [ extro 向外; verse 转] 外翻; 外向; 外向的人
introvert :v./n. [intro 向内 ; verse 转] 内翻; 内向; 内向的人
diverse: a. [ di-分开; verse 转] 不同的
The wild life in Africa is diverse from that in Asia.
非洲的野生动物与亚洲的有很大不同。
diversity: n. 不同 a great diversity of interest 广泛的兴趣
convert: v. [con 加强语气] 变换;转化
convert water power into electricity 把水利变成电力
conversion: n.
conversation: n. 谈话, 交谈
adverse: a. [ad = 向; verse 转] adverse wind/fortune/ conditions 逆风; 厄运; 逆境
divorce: v./n. [di-分开; vorce/verse 转] 与…离婚 (用法与 marry 一样)
She divorced her husband; The court divorced them; He got divorced last month.
她与丈夫离婚了; 法院判他们离婚了; 他上个月离婚了。
vertical: a. 垂直的 [转到竖直的位置]
versatile: 多才多艺的; 通用的 a versatile material/man 万能材料; 多才多艺的人
4.
able: a. 有能力的; 出色的 an able manager; be able to do…
ability: n. 能力 I have the ability to do the work.
inability: n. 无能 [in-否定前缀]
disable: v. [dis-否定前缀] 使丧失能力, 使伤残
(1) He was disabled in the accident.
(2) An accident disabled him from playing football.
disabled: a. 残废的 a disabled soldier; the disabled (the + a. 表示一类人)残疾人
enable: v. [en-动词前缀, 表示使……] 使能够； 使可能
The spectacles enable me to see clearly.
以en为动词前缀的词: enlarge扩大; enrich 丰富; ensure 确保, 保护; enlight启发; enjoy 享乐;enlist 招兵; enroll 登记, 入伍; enforce 推行, 执行, 强迫; endure 忍受 endear 使受喜爱;encounter 遭遇; encourage 鼓励
Unit 6:
1. ject=throw, cast 投, 抛
subject: n./ a./v. [sub=under; ject=throw 投于…之下”] 主题, 题目; 学科,科目; 易遭受…的; 使…遭受
(1) My favorite subject is maths. 我最喜欢的科目是数学。
(2) Japan is subject to earthquake. 日本容易遭受地震。
(3) Such an action would subject yourself to punishment. 这么做会使你受到惩罚。
object: n./v. [ob=toward 向; ject 投] 目标, 对象, 宾语; 反对
I object to drinking我反对喝酒; My object is achieved. 我的目的达到了。
objection: n. 反对, 异议; 缺点; 障碍 have (no) objection to 反对/不反对
The plan is open to objection. 该计划还有可商榷之处。
objective: a./n. 客观的, 真实的; 目的 objective view 客观的看法
project: v./n. [pro=forward 向前+ ject 投] 投射, 方应; 伸出; 设计, 工程
projection: n.
projector: a film projector 电影放映机
inject : v. [in 进入+ ject 投] 注射
inject the drugs into my arm 把药/毒品注入我的胳膊
injection: n. 注射
deject: v. [de=down] 使…泄气; 使…沮丧
dejected: a. 沮丧的 (depressed, sad )
jet=jet plane 喷气式飞机
2. cord= heart
core: n. 核心, 中心, 果核 He is English to the core. 他是地道的英国人。
courage: n. [cour=heart; age 名词后缀] 勇气, 胆量
encourage: v. [en- 使 使有勇气 ] 鼓励
discourage: v. [dis-否定前缀] 使…泄气
record: n./v. [re=again; core 心 再用心; 强化记忆; 记录] 记录, 记载; 最高纪录; 履历, 唱片; 登记, 记录; 录音
keep a record of记录;break/equal the record 打破/平记录
recorder: n. 录音机, 录像机 a tape recorder 磁带录音机
accord: n. [ac/ad=toward; cord 心] 一致, 符合; 协议;
What you said does not accord with your behavīor. 你的言行不一致。
according: prep. According to our record, you’ve been in prison twice.
根据我们的记录, 你已经入狱两次。
accordance: n. You should play in accordance with the new rule.
你应根据新的规则来玩。
accordingly: adv. 相应地, 因此
discord: n. [dis-否定前缀] 不和谐
The discord of the music is hard on the ear 不和谐的音乐真难听。
concord: n. [con=together] 和谐, 一致 live in concord with 与…和睦相处
cordial: a. 衷心的, 真诚的 cordial welcome 热诚的欢迎
3. point=刺, 扎. 点
point: n./v. 尖, 点, 小数点; 条款, 细目; 分数, 得分; 要点, 论点; 指向(at, to);
表明(out)
(1) It’s rude to point at others.用手指(2) 别人不(3) 礼貌
(4) I like to come to the point straightly.我喜欢直截了当
(5) He pointed out my mistake for me to correct.他指(6) 出我的错误让我改正
(7) Your answer is short and to the point. 你的回答简明扼要
(8) In my point of view, you should carry on with the plan.
以我的观点来看, 你应该继续你的计划
appoint: v. [ap=ad 朝向; point 指] 任命. 指派, 指定
(1) Members of Parliament are elected, but Ministers are appointed.
议员是选举产生的, 但部长是被指定的
(2) Let’s appoint a time for the meeting.
appointed: a. 指定的, 约定的
appointment: n. 任命; 职位; 约定
(1) I have an appointment with the dentist.
(2) The State Secretary acclaimed to design the appointment.
国务卿宣布要辞职
disappoint: v. [dis-不; appoint-指 不能指望]使失望
disappointed: a. 失望的
disappointment: n. 失望
To my disaapointment, he didn’t show up. 使我失望的是, 他没来
Unit 7:
1. graph, gram=write, draw 写,画
photograph: n. [photo 光 把光写下来] 照片
paragraph: n. 段落
telegraph: n. [tele- 从远处发来的文字] 电报
telegram: n. 电报
gramophone: n. [phone 声音 把声音写下来的机器] 留声机
grammar: n. 语法[关于写的一些规则]
diagram: n. [dia=through] 图表, 图解
gram: n. 克 [原为重量计上的一个符号]
kilogram: n. 千克 [ kilo-千 如kilometer 千米]
program: n. [pro=forward 先, 前; gram 写] 计划, 大纲; 节目单; 程序
programmer: n. 编程员
2. vance=front 在先
advance: v. /n.. [ad=toward 朝向+vance 前] 前进, 推进; 提前; 提升; 预付
Pay the rent in advance 预付房租。
He was advanced to the position of manager. 他被晋升为经理。
advanced: a. 先进的, 领先的; 高等的, 高级的; 晚期的, 上年纪的
advanced in technology技术领先 advanced mathematics 高等数学
advanced stomach cancer 晚期胃癌 advanced age of 90. 90岁高龄;
advantage: n. 优点, 长处; 利益
(1) You should take advantage of your superiority. 你要利用你的优势。
(2) The college education give her advantage over others.
大学教育使她比别人有优势。
disadvantage: n. [dis 否定前缀] 不利, 不利条件
advantageous: a. 有利的
3. leg=law
legal: 法定的, 合法的 legal heir 法定继承人
illegal: a. [il- 否定前缀] 非法的
legacy: n. 遗产[依法继承的东西]
legalize: v. [ize- 动词后缀] 使…合法化
legalization: n. 合法化, 批准
legislate: v. 立法
legislation: n. 立法, 法规
privilege: n. [priv-私人的; leg 法律 法律赋予私人的权利] 特权
She had led a life of luxury and privilege. 她过着养尊处优的生活。
privileged: a. 有特权的 privileged class 特权阶级
4. loc=place 地方
local: a./n. 当地的; 地方性的; 局部的
local court/dialect/pain/infection 地方法庭;当地方言;局部疼痛; 局部感染
locale: n. (事故或故事)发生的地点, 场所
locate: v. 找出; 把…设置在; 位于(用被动语态)
(1) He located a peak in the pipe.
(2) The company wants to locate the new factory near the road.
(3) The school is located at downtown.
location: n.位置,场所, 景地
(1) She was followed by the radio location.她被无线电定位系统跟踪
(2) It’s expensive to film in foreign location.在国外景地拍电影太贵了
allocate: v. [al=ad 向; loc-地方]分配; 拨给
The local government allocated a sum of money for the education.
当地政府拨出一笔教育经费
Unit8:
1. flu, flux=flow 流
flow: v. 流动, 飘扬(旗), 飘垂(头发) Her hair flows down over her shoulder.
overflow: v./n. 溢出, 洋溢; 泛滥
flu: n. [influenza 的缩写] 流感
fluency: n. [-ency 名词后缀] 流利, 流畅 speak with great fluency
fluent: a. 流畅的, 流利的 fluent speech/ curves 流畅的演讲/曲线
fluid: n./a. 流体, 流质的; 流动的, 易变的; 流畅的
cleaning fluid 去污液; fluid population 流动人口; fluid capital流动的资本
influence: v./n. [in-进入; flu 流; -ence名词后缀] 影响 (on )
My father had great influence on me (指潜移默化的影响)
influential: a. 有影响力的 influential person/ speech
fluctuate: v. 波动, 涨伏the price fluctuates with season. 价格随季节变动
flush: v./n. 冲洗(厕所等); (突然)脸红
flush the toilet(厕所) after using it; flush with embarrassment 因为尴尬而脸红;
affluence: n. 丰富, 富裕; 涌入, 流入
2. fend, fence=strike 击打
fence: n./v. 篱笆, 栅栏 /击剑术 /用栅栏围上/ 击剑
sit on the fence 骑墙; 抱观望态度; She is good at fencing(剑术)
defend: 包围, 防守(from, against); 为…辩护
(1) We defend ourselves against the enemy. 防御敌人。(against不能省)
(2) The lawyer defended the accused. 律师为被告辩护。(不需for)
defensive: a.
defendant: n. 被告
offend: v. 得罪, 冒犯 I offend her. 我冒犯了她。
offence/ offense : n. 冒犯, 触怒; 过错
She takes offence easily. 她易动怒。
offensive：a. 讨厌的, 无礼的
Unit 9:
1. volve, volut=roll 翻转
involve: v. [in-进入； volve 翻转] 使卷入, 陷入; 牵扯
be involved in the war 被卷入战争；the person involved(定语) 受牵连的人
revolve: v. 旋转 [re= again]
the revolving door 旋转门; The moon revolves around the earth.
revolution: n. 旋转;革命 [翻天覆地的变化]
evolve: v. [e/ex=out； volve 翻转] 进化, 发展
evolution: n. 进化, 演化, 发展
volume: n. [古时的书是”卷”起来 收藏的] 卷, 册; 体积, 容积; 音量
Vol. 2 第二卷; play the stereo in full volume 把音响放到最大音量
revolt: n./v. 反叛, 起义
2. proach, prox=接近
approach: v./n. 向…靠近; 接近; 途径, 方法
at the approach of the Spring Festival 随着春节的来临;
an easy approach to English 学英语的窍门
approximate: a./v. 近似的, 大约的; 接近
approximately: adv. 大约地
proximate: a. 最近的
3. gen, gin, germ=bear, produce, race 产生,
gene: n. 遗传因子, 基因 gene pool 基因库
genetic: a. 遗传的 genetic code/ engineering 遗传密码; 遗传工程
genetics: n. 遗传学
generate: v. 产生, 生殖, 引起 generate heat/ electricity 产生热/电
generation: n. 生殖, 代, 产生 generation gap代沟/my generation 我这一代
degenerate: v./n./a. [de=down] 衰退, 退化; 堕落的; 堕落者
regenerate: v. [re=again] 再生
generator: n. 发电机, 发生器
genius: n. 天才, 天赋 a man of genius 天才
genuine: a. 真正的, 非人造的 a genuine picture of Picasso 毕加索的真迹画
gentle: a. [出身高贵的] 和蔼的, 文雅的
gentleman: n. 绅士, 先生
generous: a. 慷慨的, 宽厚的, 宽宏大量的
hydrogen: n. [hydro=water 能产生水的物质] 氢
oxygen: [oxy 酸 能产生气味(酸味)的物质] 氧
oxygenated: a. 充满氧气的
4. tect= cover 盖
protect: v. 保护; 装保险的
(1) protected rifle 有保险装置的步枪
(2) protect the crops against frost 保护庄稼免受霜冻
(3) The insurance company will protect you from loss.
protection: n. 保护 bring a gun for one’s own protection 带只枪防身
protectionism: n. 保护主义
protective: a. 保护的; 防护的; 关切爱护的 protective coloring 保护色
She is too protective towards his son, which is not good for his independence.
unprotected: a. 未受保护的
detect: v. [de-除去; tect=cover] 发现, 觉察
detectaphone: n. 窃听器
detective: a./n. 探测的; 侦探 detective novel 侦探 小说
detector: n. 探测器
detection: n. 觉察, 发觉 His crime escaped detection. 他的罪行没有败露
architect: n. [arch-拱形的; tect覆盖物 设计拱形覆盖物的人] 建筑师
architecture: n. 建筑学, 建筑风格
Unit 10:
常见音乐名词 jazz 爵士乐 symphony 交响乐 classical music 古典音乐 rock 摇滚乐 pop music流行音乐 light music 轻音乐 folk music 民间音乐 country music 乡村音乐 band 乐队orchestra 管弦乐队 conductor 指挥 composer 作曲家 musician 音乐家 performer 表演者scale 音阶 tune 音调 melody 旋律 rhythm 节奏 beat/tempo 拍子 organ 手风琴 horn 号drum 鼓 piano 钢琴 violin 小提琴guitar 吉他 pipe 笛 flute 长笛 opera 歌剧 ballet 芭蕾words 歌词
Unit 11:
1. cur=walk
current: n./a. 流, 气流, 水流, 电流, 潮流; 流行的; 通用的
currency: n. 通货, 货币 foreign currency 外币
currently: adv. 目前
curriculum: n. 课程, 课程表
occur: v. 发生, 出现; [跑到脑子里来]被想起 It occurs to me that…我突然想起…
occurrence : n. 发生, 出现
excurse: v. 旅行 [ex=out]
excursion: n. 游览(集体), 远足
incur: v. 招致, 引起
corridor: n. 走廊, 通路
course: n. 进程, 过程, 路线, 课程, 一道菜 in the course of 在…过程中
2. pos, posit=put 放置
position: n. 位置, 职位, 立场, 姿势
propose: v. [pro=forward 放到前面] 建议, 提议 (跟虚拟语气从句)
proposal: n. [al-名词后缀] 建议, 提议
oppose: v. [op/ob=against 置于相反的位置]反对, 反抗
opposite: a. /a./prep./adv. 对立面; 相反的; 在对面 I sit opposite to him.
depose: v. [de=down] 罢黜 The king was deposed.
deposit: n./v. 沉淀, 储蓄, 寄存;押金,沉积物
I had gived the landlord a deposite of 500 yuan before I moved in.
expose: v. [ex=out] 暴露, 揭露, 曝光
(1) The film has been exposed to light.胶卷已经曝光了。
(2) The teenagers are exposed to violence and crime on the TV too much.
青少年受电视中的暴力和犯罪的影响太多了。
exposure: n. 暴露, 揭露, 曝光
exposition: n. 陈列, 展览会
compose: v. [com=together 放到一起] 创作(歌曲等); 组成
be composed ōf=be made up of; consist of
composition: n. 作品, 成分, 素质, 性格, 合成
composite: a./n. 合成的, 合成物
composer: n. 作曲家, 作者, 调停者
interpose: v. [inter-中间] 调停
impose: v. 强加于, 征税
dispose: v. [dis-分开; pose 放] 安排, 布置; 处理 (of)
All the furniture has been disposed of. 所有的家具都被处理掉了
disposable: a. 一次性的(用完可处理掉的);可支配的
disposable
postpone: v. [post-back 往后 + pone=put 放] 推迟, 延期
opponent: n. 敌手, 对手, 反对者
component: n./a. 部件, 元件; 构成的
3. ōpt=choose
option: n. 选择, 选择权 I have no option 我别无选择 at one’s option 随意
optional: a. 可任选的optional course/subject 选修课(compulsory course 必修课)
optimistic: a.[选择最好的] 乐观的 (pessimistic 悲观的)
optimist: n. 乐天派, 乐观主义者 (pessimist 悲观主义者)
optimism: n. 乐观主义 (pessimism 悲观主义)
optimum: a. 最优的, 最佳的
adopt: v. 采用; 收养[ad 加强语气] adopt an orphan收养一个孤儿/ adopted son养子
(区分adapt- 使…适应, 改编)
adoption: n.
adoptive: a. adoptive parents 养父母
5. ann, enn= a year 年
annual: a./n. 每年的, 年度的 annual salary 年薪
anniversary: n./a. 周年的, 年年的; 周年纪念日
Unit 12:
1. circ=ring 圈
cycle: n. /v. 圈, 车轮; 循环, 周期; 环绕 The earth circles the sun.
bicycle: [bi=two]自行车
tricycle: [tri=three] 三轮车
motorcycle: 摩托车
recycle: v. [re=again] 再循环, 回收再用
circle: n./v. 圆周, 圆, 圈子; 环绕 political circle 政界
semicircle: [semi=half] 半圆
circulate: 循环, 流通, 传播 Rumor circulates quickly. 谣言传播很快
circulation: n. 循环, 流通, 传播, 发行
the circulation of blood/ faked banknotes / newspaper
血液循环; 假钞的流通; 报纸的发行
circus: n.马戏团[围成圈的场地]
circuit: n. 环行; 电路, 线路, 联赛
circumference: n. 周长
circumstance: n. [circ- 环 + st-立 + ance 名词后缀 位于周围的事物] 环境, 情况 under this circumstances 在这种情况下; under no circumstances 无论如何
2. lect= choose 选择
collect: v. [co=together] 收集
collective: a. 集体的
elect: v. [e/ex=out 选出来] 选举
select: v. [se-分开] 挑选
neglect: v. [ neg=not 未; lect 选 遗漏] 忽略, 忽视 neglect one’s duty玩忽职守
intellect: [intel=inter 从中; lect 选] 才华出众的人; 非凡的才智
intellectual: n. 知识分子
intelligence: n. 智力, 聪明; 情报
intelligent: a. 聪明的
elegant: a. [e/ex=out + lect 选-精选出来的]讲究的, 优雅的, 简练的
3. soi, socio=companion, society 社会, 团体
society: n. 社会, 群居; 协会, 社, 团体; 社会上层
a drama society 戏剧社; society beauty 交际花
social: a.社会的; 群居的; 社交的,联欢的; 合群的
social welfare(福利)/ problem/insects(昆虫)/ evening/ person
sociable: a. 好交际的; 合群的
socialism: n. 社会主义 (capitalism 资本主义)
socioeconomics: n. 社会经济学
associate: a./v./n. 联合的; 预备的, 副的; 合伙人, 伙伴; 与…交往; 把…联系在一起
(1) associate producer of the film 联合制片人
(2) associate editor/ professor/member 副编辑;副教授; 预备(3) 会员
(4) Don’t associate with dishonest people. 不(5) 要与不(6) 诚实的人交往
(7) It’s not right to associate happiness with money.
把幸福与金钱联系在一起使不对的
association: n. 联合, 联系; 友情, 交往; 协会, 社团; 联想
(1) His French improved greatly because of his association with native speakers.
(2) We worked in association with that firm to raise money for the homeless.
我们和那个公司联合为无家可归的人筹款
(3) The British Medical Association 英国医学联合会
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