人工智能教程 - 数学基础课程1.5 - 离散数学-2 反证法和数学归纳法

反证法和数学归纳法

反证法(a proof by contradiction)

为了证明命题p为真，先假设它为假(非P是真)。然后用这个假设P为假来推导出一个错误。换句话，你证明了一个错误是真的。这叫做推导出矛盾。

(So to prove a proposition p is true,you will assume P it’s false(not P is true).and then you use that hypothesis,namely the p to derive a falsehood.this is called deriving a contradiction.)

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Ex: Thm: $\sqrt{2}$ is irrational

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pf (by contradiction)

Assume for the purpose of contradiction that $\sqrt{2}$ is rational

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{2}=a/b$(既约分数a fraction in lowest terms)

$\Rightarrow 2=a^2/b^2$

$\Rightarrow 2b^2=a^2$

$\Rightarrow$ a is even (2 | a)

$\Rightarrow 4|a^2$

$\Rightarrow 4|2b^2$

$\Rightarrow 2|b$