使用yum快速部署Oracle安装环境 11g

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    基于Linux安装过Oracle的童鞋们都应该清楚,安装Oracle的确是一件比较费时费力的差事，因为仅仅是前期的rpm包，内核参数，创建用户等等这些个步骤都让那些新手不免眼花缭乱，一不留神，就导致最终的安装过程中报错而不得不从头来过。现在基于Oracle Linux，Oracle仅仅需要通过安装oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall RPM包即可全部搞定其余未安装的RPM包，解决之间的依赖关系，配置内核参数等等。客官，正在基于Oracle Linux 安装Oralce 11g？那就接着往下看。

 

1、oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall RPM 软件包的功能

a、 Automatically downloading and installing any additional software packages and specific package versions needed for installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database 12 c Release 1 (12.1) or 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3), with package dependencies resolved via yum or up2date capabilities.

 

b、Creating the user oracle and the groups oinstall (for OraInventory) and dba (for OSDBA), which are used during database installation. (For security purposes, this user has no password by default and cannot log in remotely. To enable remote login, please set a password using the passwd tool.)

 

c、Modifying kernel parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf to change settings for shared memory, semaphores, the maximum number of file descriptors, and so on.
   
d、Setting hard and soft shell resource limits in /etc/security/limits.conf, such as the locked-in memory address space, the number of open files, the number of processes, and core file size.

 

e、Setting numa=off in the kernel for x86_64 machines.

 

2、操作步骤
a、确保网络畅通，即可连接到Internet。
b、已经安装了yum包管理工具。
c、切换到目录 /etc/yum.repos.d/
d、获取配置文件并进行相应修改wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo(所需安装版本项下字段enabled=0更改为enabled=1)
e、使用yum安装oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall包(oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall)
f、校验内核修改日志及原文件备份情况

-- Author: Leshami
-- Blog  : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami

 

3、实战演习
a、检查网络环境，确保网络畅通
[root@oel63 ~]# cat /etc/issue
Oracle Linux Server release 6.3
Kernel \r on an \m
[root@oel63 ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (115.239.211.110) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 115.239.211.110: icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=39.2 ms
64 bytes from 115.239.211.110: icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=42.2 ms

 

b、检查yum是否已安装
[root@oel63 ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum
yum-utils-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch
PackageKit-yum-plugin-0.5.8-20.0.1.el6.x86_64
yum-rhn-plugin-0.9.1-40.0.1.el6.noarch
yum-plugin-security-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch
yum-3.2.29-30.0.1.el6.noarch
PackageKit-yum-0.5.8-20.0.1.el6.x86_64
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64

 

c、切换到目录 /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@oel63 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

 

d、获取配置文件并进行相应修改
[root@oel63 yum.repos.d]# wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo
--2014-05-16 14:41:51--  http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo
Resolving public-yum.oracle.com... 184.51.198.32, 184.51.198.8, 184.51.198.65
Connecting to public-yum.oracle.com|184.51.198.32|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 4233 (4.1K) [text/plain]
Saving to: “public-yum-ol6.repo”

100%[======================================>] 4,233       --.-K/s   in 0.001s 

2014-05-16 14:41:51 (5.76 MB/s) - “public-yum-ol6.repo” saved [4233/4233

[root@oel63 yum.repos.d]# ls -hltr
total 8.0K
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4.2K Nov 25 04:58 public-yum-ol6.repo

[root@oel63 yum.repos.d]# vi public-yum-ol6.repo
#本环境为Oracle Linux 6.3，因此修改了以下2个部分。即将需要安装的部分的enabled的值置为1
[ol6_u3_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 3 installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/3/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1

[ol6_UEK_base]
name=Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEK/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1

 

e、使用yum安装oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall包

### 对于非Oracle Linux版本，如CentOS，yum时报如下错误，可以使用--nogpgcheck来跳过gpg校验 leshami@20170302

Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle

[root@oel63 yum.repos.d]# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall
Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, security
ol6_UEK_base                                               | 1.2 kB     00:00    
ol6_UEK_base/primary                                       | 1.0 MB     00:01    
ol6_UEK_base                                                                36/36
ol6_UEK_latest                                             | 1.2 kB     00:00    
ol6_latest                                                 | 1.4 kB     00:00    
ol6_u3_base                                                | 1.4 kB     00:00    
ol6_u3_base/primary                                        | 2.7 MB     00:11    
ol6_u3_base                                                             8452/8452
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-9.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: gcc for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-9.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: gcc-c++ for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-9.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: compat-libcap1 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-9.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: ksh for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-9.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaio-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-9.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-9.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: compat-libstdc++-33 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-9.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-9.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.