netty源码阅读之NioEventLoop之NioEventLoop执行----select()检查io事件

从《netty源码阅读之NioEventLoop之NioEventLoop执行》的select(wakenUp.getAndSet(false))这个函数开始分析，select的时候，先把wakenUp这个标志位设置为false，也就是现在没有用户唤醒了，并把之前是否被用户唤醒作为oldWakenUp传入，方便以后使用，进入之后的代码为：

    private void select(boolean oldWakenUp) throws IOException {
        Selector selector = this.selector;
        try {
            int selectCnt = 0;
            long currentTimeNanos = System.nanoTime();
            long selectDeadLineNanos = currentTimeNanos + delayNanos(currentTimeNanos);
            for (;;) {
                long timeoutMillis = (selectDeadLineNanos - currentTimeNanos + 500000L) / 1000000L;
                if (timeoutMillis <= 0) {
                    if (selectCnt == 0) {
                        selector.selectNow();
                        selectCnt = 1;
                    }
                    break;
                }

                // If a task was submitted when wakenUp value was true, the task didn't get a chance to call
                // Selector#wakeup. So we need to check task queue again before executing select operation.
                // If we don't, the task might be pended until select operation was timed out.
                // It might be pended until idle timeout if IdleStateHandler existed in pipeline.
                if (hasTasks() && wakenUp.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
                    selector.selectNow();
                    selectCnt = 1;
                    break;
                }

                int selectedKeys = selector.select(timeoutMillis);
                selectCnt ++;

                if (selectedKeys != 0 || oldWakenUp || wakenUp.get() || hasTasks() || hasScheduledTasks()) {
                    // - Selected something,
                    // - waken up by user, or
                    // - the task queue has a pending task.
                    // - a scheduled task is ready for processing
                    break;
                }
                if (Thread.interrupted()) {
                    // Thread was interrupted so reset selected keys and break so we not run into a busy loop.
                    // As this is most likely a bug in the handler of the user or it's client library we will
                    // also log it.
                    //
                    // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2426
                    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        logger.debug("Selector.select() returned prematurely because " +
                                "Thread.currentThread().interrupt() was called. Use " +
                                "NioEventLoop.shutdownGracefully() to shutdown the NioEventLoop.");
                    }
                    selectCnt = 1;
                    break;
                }

                long time = System.nanoTime();
                if (time - TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(timeoutMillis) >= currentTimeNanos) {
                    // timeoutMillis elapsed without anything selected.
                    selectCnt = 1;
                } else if (SELECTOR_AUTO_REBUILD_THRESHOLD > 0 &&
                        selectCnt >= SELECTOR_AUTO_REBUILD_THRESHOLD) {
                    // The selector returned prematurely many times in a row.
                    // Rebuild the selector to work around the problem.
                    logger.warn(
                            "Selector.select() returned prematurely {} times in a row; rebuilding Selector {}.",
                            selectCnt, selector);

                    rebuildSelector();
                    selector = this.selector;

                    // Select again to populate selectedKeys.
                    selector.selectNow();
                    selectCnt = 1;
                    break;
                }

                currentTimeNanos = time;
            }

            if (selectCnt > MIN_PREMATURE_SELECTOR_RETURNS) {
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("Selector.select() returned prematurely {} times in a row for Selector {}.",
                            selectCnt - 1, selector);
                }
            }
        } catch (CancelledKeyException e) {
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug(CancelledKeyException.class.getSimpleName() + " raised by a Selector {} - JDK bug?",
                        selector, e);
            }
            // Harmless exception - log anyway
        }
    }

很长，我们分三步来解析这个源码：

1、检查定时任务是否到期，检查是否有任务执行，二者有一就进行非阻塞select（jdk原生select）

2、如果上面都没有，则进行一定时间的阻塞式select，也就是int selectedKeys = selector.select(timeoutMillis);

3、最后判断是否空轮询，是否达到空轮询的次数，如果达到，就把重建selector，这个selector就有可能不会有空轮询的情况发生了。

下面我们一个个分析：

1、

long selectDeadLineNanos = currentTimeNanos + delayNanos(currentTimeNanos);返回的是定时任务队列的最近的需要执行的时间（这个定时任务队列，和我们之前的mpsc队列不同，后面会讲到），如果这个时间减去当前时间小于0，那么就说明有定时任务要执行，直接非阻塞select后退出，并且把selectCnt 置为1（后面会讲解）;

 // If a task was submitted when wakenUp value was true, the task didn't get a chance to call
                // Selector#wakeup. So we need to check task queue again before executing select operation.
                // If we don't, the task might be pended until select operation was timed out.
                // It might be pended until idle timeout if IdleStateHandler existed in pipeline.
                if (hasTasks() && wakenUp.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
                    selector.selectNow();
                    selectCnt = 1;
                    break;
                }

这个是说明任务队列有任务，和上执行的操作和上面的一样。

2、

如果前面两步都没有，就进行特定时间的阻塞式等待：

int selectedKeys = selector.select(timeoutMillis);
                selectCnt ++;

并且把selectCnt加1，方便后面使用。

一定时间的阻塞式等待之后，如果发生了以下时间，都退出select：

if (selectedKeys != 0 || oldWakenUp || wakenUp.get() || hasTasks() || hasScheduledTasks()) {
                    // - Selected something,
                    // - waken up by user, or
                    // - the task queue has a pending task.
                    // - a scheduled task is ready for processing
                    break;
                }

3、

以下这段代码判断是否有空轮询发生

long time = System.nanoTime();
                if (time - TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(timeoutMillis) >= currentTimeNanos) {
                    // timeoutMillis elapsed without anything selected.
                    selectCnt = 1;
                } 

我们换一种方式解释，把currentTimeNonos放到左边来。也就是当前时间减去进来这个方法的时间（阻塞之前的时间），大于阻塞的时间的话，那么就没有发生空轮询，selectCnt重置为1；否则，本来应该阻塞这么长时间，没有阻塞，就是发生了空轮询。到这里就明白selectCnt可以简单的解释为空轮询的次数吧，因为如果不发生空轮询，selectCnt会重置为1（或者操作了其他任务）。

发生空轮询到达一定的次数SELECTOR_AUTO_REBUILD_THRESHOLD（查看源码可以知道是512），就会重建selector，并把selectCnt次数重置为1

else if (SELECTOR_AUTO_REBUILD_THRESHOLD > 0 &&
                        selectCnt >= SELECTOR_AUTO_REBUILD_THRESHOLD) {
                    // The selector returned prematurely many times in a row.
                    // Rebuild the selector to work around the problem.
                    logger.warn(
                            "Selector.select() returned prematurely {} times in a row; rebuilding Selector {}.",
                            selectCnt, selector);

                    rebuildSelector();
                    selector = this.selector;

                    // Select again to populate selectedKeys.
                    selector.selectNow();
                    selectCnt = 1;
                    break;
                }

查看rebuildSelector()

    public void rebuildSelector() {
        if (!inEventLoop()) {
            execute(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    rebuildSelector();
                }
            });
            return;
        }

        final Selector oldSelector = selector;
        final Selector newSelector;

        if (oldSelector == null) {
            return;
        }

        try {
            newSelector = openSelector();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.warn("Failed to create a new Selector.", e);
            return;
        }

        // Register all channels to the new Selector.
        int nChannels = 0;
        for (;;) {
            try {
                for (SelectionKey key: oldSelector.keys()) {
                    Object a = key.attachment();
                    try {
                        if (!key.isValid() || key.channel().keyFor(newSelector) != null) {
                            continue;
                        }

                        int interestOps = key.interestOps();
                        key.cancel();
                        SelectionKey newKey = key.channel().register(newSelector, interestOps, a);
                        if (a instanceof AbstractNioChannel) {
                            // Update SelectionKey
                            ((AbstractNioChannel) a).selectionKey = newKey;
                        }
                        nChannels ++;
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        logger.warn("Failed to re-register a Channel to the new Selector.", e);
                        if (a instanceof AbstractNioChannel) {
                            AbstractNioChannel ch = (AbstractNioChannel) a;
                            ch.unsafe().close(ch.unsafe().voidPromise());
                        } else {
                            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                            NioTask<SelectableChannel> task = (NioTask<SelectableChannel>) a;
                            invokeChannelUnregistered(task, key, e);
                        }
                    }
                }
            } catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
                // Probably due to concurrent modification of the key set.
                continue;
            }

            break;
        }

        selector = newSelector;

        try {
            // time to close the old selector as everything else is registered to the new one
            oldSelector.close();
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
                logger.warn("Failed to close the old Selector.", t);
            }
        }

        logger.info("Migrated " + nChannels + " channel(s) to the new Selector.");
    }

其实就是把所有之前绑定的东西都重新绑定到新的selector上面。

netty通过这个方式，巧妙地解决了jdk空轮询的bug。