try return finally字节码解析

我们经常会遇到一个问题，try 里面return了，finally还会执行吗？例如下面一个例子：

public class TryFinally {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(f1());
    }
    public static String f1() {
        String str = "hello";
        try{
            return str;
        }
        finally{
            str = "world";
        }
    }
}

输出是hello，而不是world。但是str="world"会执行。我们通过字节码来解释：

Classfile /F:/code/java/test/out/production/test/TryFinally.class
  Last modified Nov 19, 2018; size 788 bytes
  MD5 checksum 33506d15d7a020f1e9a7598ef4536991
  Compiled from "TryFinally.java"
public class TryFinally
  minor version: 0
  major version: 52
  flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER
Constant pool:
   #1 = Methodref          #8.#29         // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
   #2 = Fieldref           #30.#31        // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
   #3 = Methodref          #7.#32         // TryFinally.f1:()Ljava/lang/String;
   #4 = Methodref          #33.#34        // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
   #5 = String             #35            // hello
   #6 = String             #36            // world
   #7 = Class              #37            // TryFinally
   #8 = Class              #38            // java/lang/Object
   #9 = Utf8               <init>
  #10 = Utf8               ()V
  #11 = Utf8               Code
  #12 = Utf8               LineNumberTable
  #13 = Utf8               LocalVariableTable
  #14 = Utf8               this
  #15 = Utf8               LTryFinally;
  #16 = Utf8               main
  #17 = Utf8               ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #18 = Utf8               args
  #19 = Utf8               [Ljava/lang/String;
  #20 = Utf8               f1
  #21 = Utf8               ()Ljava/lang/String;
  #22 = Utf8               str
  #23 = Utf8               Ljava/lang/String;
  #24 = Utf8               StackMapTable
  #25 = Class              #39            // java/lang/String
  #26 = Class              #40            // java/lang/Throwable
  #27 = Utf8               SourceFile
  #28 = Utf8               TryFinally.java
  #29 = NameAndType        #9:#10         // "<init>":()V
  #30 = Class              #41            // java/lang/System
  #31 = NameAndType        #42:#43        // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #32 = NameAndType        #20:#21        // f1:()Ljava/lang/String;
  #33 = Class              #44            // java/io/PrintStream
  #34 = NameAndType        #45:#46        // println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #35 = Utf8               hello
  #36 = Utf8               world
  #37 = Utf8               TryFinally
  #38 = Utf8               java/lang/Object
  #39 = Utf8               java/lang/String
  #40 = Utf8               java/lang/Throwable
  #41 = Utf8               java/lang/System
  #42 = Utf8               out
  #43 = Utf8               Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #44 = Utf8               java/io/PrintStream
  #45 = Utf8               println
  #46 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/String;)V
{
  public TryFinally();
    descriptor: ()V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC
    Code:
      stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1
         0: aload_0
         1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
         4: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 1: 0
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0       5     0  this   LTryFinally;

  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
    Code:
      stack=2, locals=1, args_size=1
         0: getstatic     #2                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
         3: invokestatic  #3                  // Method f1:()Ljava/lang/String;
         6: invokevirtual #4                  // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
         9: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 3: 0
        line 4: 9
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0      10     0  args   [Ljava/lang/String;

  public static java.lang.String f1();
    descriptor: ()Ljava/lang/String;
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
    Code:
      stack=1, locals=3, args_size=0
         0: ldc           #5                  // String hello
         2: astore_0
         3: aload_0
         4: astore_1
         5: ldc           #6                  // String world
         7: astore_0
         8: aload_1
         9: areturn
        10: astore_2
        11: ldc           #6                  // String world
        13: astore_0
        14: aload_2
        15: athrow
      Exception table:
         from    to  target type
             3     5    10   any
      LineNumberTable:
        line 6: 0
        line 8: 3
        line 11: 5
        line 8: 8
        line 11: 10
        line 12: 14
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            3      13     0   str   Ljava/lang/String;
      StackMapTable: number_of_entries = 1
        frame_type = 255 /* full_frame */
          offset_delta = 10
          locals = [ class java/lang/String ]
          stack = [ class java/lang/Throwable ]
}
SourceFile: "TryFinally.java"

关键的只有这段代码：

    Code:
      stack=1, locals=3, args_size=0
         0: ldc           #5                  // String hello
         2: astore_0
         3: aload_0
         4: astore_1
         5: ldc           #6                  // String world
         7: astore_0
         8: aload_1
         9: areturn
        10: astore_2
        11: ldc           #6                  // String world
        13: astore_0
        14: aload_2
        15: athrow
      Exception table:
         from    to  target type
             3     5    10   any

1、首先分析这段代码，有两个 ldc #6和astore_0，这句话的意思是把常量池里面world加到操作数栈里面然后将它放到本地变量表索引为0的位置，我们思考为什么会有两次？那是因为str="world"是在finally里面执行的，所以在返回之前一定会执行。也就是，如果不抛出异常正常就会执行，如果抛出异常也就是在areturn之后，也会执行。
2、我们注意到，athrow也就是抛出异常之前，aload_2，也就是把本地变量表里面索引为2的数据作为放到操作数栈里面然后抛出去，这个抛出数据就是异常，就是在astore_2里面放进去的异常。我们从这里知道了，本地变量表里面索引为2的位置的内容就是异常。
3、最后我们看areturn之前，把本地变量表里面索引为1的数据load进来操作数栈里面，也就是我们return的是本地变量表里面索引为1的数据，进过上面的分析，我们知道这个值是“hello”，而不是“world”。
所以我们最终看到的是输出了“hello”而不是“world”，从字节码层面就这么分析出来。