docker 常用命令

多数命令都有新旧两种格式，命令向后兼容，两种格式都能使用。

1. docker version

client 和 server 版本最好一致

server 也叫 engine，在 mac 或 linux 上也叫 daemon

2. docker info

显示 docker engin 的绝大多数配置

3. docker

查看所有 docker 命令

4. docker container run ...........

docker run ........... (old way)
启动一个新的容器

5. docker container ls

docker ps (old way)
列出正在运行的容器

6. docker container stop container_id

docker stop container_id (old way)
停止容器进程，并不删除
container_id 不必写全，只写前几位独一无二能让docker 识别是哪一个容器就行。

7. docker container ls -a

列出全部正在运行和已经停止的容器

8. run vs. start

docker container run ........... 启动一个新容器
docker container start ...........启动一个存在的已经停止的容器

9. --name 指定容器名称，不指定则由docker 随机生成。

```bash
docker container run --publish 80:80 --detach --name webserver nginx
```
此命令启动一个名称为 `webserver` 的 nginx 容器，

10. docker container logs container_id_or_name

docker logs container_id_or_name (old way)
显示特定容器的 log

11. docker container top container_id_or_name

显示容器内的进程

12. docker container --help

查看可以应用于容器的命令

C:\Users\yanchun>docker container --help

Usage:  docker container COMMAND

Manage containers

Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more containers
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  ls          List containers
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  prune       Remove all stopped containers
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  run         Run a command in a new container
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

Run 'docker container COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

13. docker container rm id_1 id_2 id_3 .....

docker rm id_1 id_2 id_3 ..... （old way）
删除一个或多个容器，但是，出于安全的考虑，不允许删除正在运行的容器，所以下面的命令，有一个容器由于正在运行，删除出错：

C:\Users\yanchun>docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS                    NAMES
b7bea902ff8f   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   21 minutes ago      Up 21 minutes                  0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp       webserver
946f7e643cdf   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About an hour ago   Exited (0) About an hour ago                            agitated_benz
d7d47384102d   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago         Exited (0) About an hour ago                            sharp_kirch
1ad86b3be23e   redis     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   6 days ago          Exited (255) 4 hours ago       0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp   redis-go-chat

C:\Users\yanchun>docker container rm b7 94 d7 1a
94
d7
1a
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container b7bea902ff8fca1ea8059f1841160637a6acf9536be563e9118eaab2dd10929d. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove

C:\Users\yanchun>docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                NAMES
b7bea902ff8f   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   22 minutes ago   Up 22 minutes   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp   webserver

C:\Users\yanchun>

要删除这个正在运行的容器，可以分两步，先用停止，再删除。
但是也可以使用 -f 选项强制一步删除：

C:\Users\yanchun>docker container ls
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                NAMES
b7bea902ff8f   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   25 minutes ago   Up 25 minutes   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp   webserver

C:\Users\yanchun>docker container rm -f b7
b7

C:\Users\yanchun>docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

C:\Users\yanchun>