更新源
备份源:sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
复制阿里源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
中国科技大学源:USTC Open Source Software Mirror
执行指令 更新源:sudo apt-get update
更新软件:sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get upgrade
修改主机名
主机名存放路径:/etc/hostname
安装GIT
执行指令:apt-get install git
生成私钥
执行指令:ssh-keygen 一路回车(最简单生成)
安装nginx
执行指令:apt-get install nginx
/* nginx 指令 */
// 启动服务
1.service nginx start
2.systemctl start nginx.service
// 重启服务
systemctl restart nginx.service
// 重新加载 ngxin 配置文件
nginx [*.conf] -s reload
// 查看ngxin服务状态
systemctl status nginx.service
// 查看所有服务
systemctl list-units --type=service
安装mysql
执行指令:apt-get install mysql-server
/* 安装完成 */
执行指令: mysql_secure_installation
#1
VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords...
Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: N (我的选项)
#2
Please set the password for root here...
New password: (输入密码)
Re-enter new password: (重复输入)
#3
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them...
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y (我的选项)
#4
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network...
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y (我的选项)
#5
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access...
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N (我的选项)
#6
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y (我的选项)
// 检查 mysql 服务状态
systemctl status mysql.service
// 配置远程访问
mysql -uroot -p
// 切换 mysql 数据库
use mysql
// 更新访问地址 localhost -> % [localhost代表本地访问,%代表所有主机,也可以指定ip]
update user set host='%' where user='root';
// 刷新权限
flush privileges;
-------------------------------------------------------------------
// 查看所有数据库
show databases;
// 查看用户权限; host字段 localhost代表本地访问,%代表所有主机,也可以指定ip
select host,user from mysql.user;
// 切换数据库
use [数据库名称]
// 重启数据库
service mysql restart
// 执行指令. 其中 root@localhost :
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@% IDENTIFIED BY "密码";
//mysql8.0的话用这个
create user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
// 远程无法访问
去 /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf 查看bind-addredd 字段并注释
alter user 'root'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'root';
关闭防火墙
查看防火墙状态: ufw status (active开启,incative关闭)
关闭防火墙:ufw disable
打开防火墙:ufw enable
查看端口占用
执行指令:netstat -tln
添加用户
// 添加用户 -m 生成用户目录
useradd [username] -m
// 设置用户登录密码
passwd [username]
// 为该用户指定命令解释程序(通常为/bin/bash)
usermod -s /bin/bash [username]
// 为改用户指定用户主目录
usermod -d /home/[username] [username]
// 查看用户的属性
cat /etc/passwd
// 切换用户
su [username]
// 删除用户
userdel [username]
-------------------图形创建使用 adduser 指令
// 添加用户
adduser [username]
// 删除用户
deluser [username]
/*
给用户添加权限:
切换到 root,输入visudo命令
root@ubuntu:~# visudo
该命令实际上打开的是/etc/sudoers文件,在“root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL”这一行下面加入一行:
lin ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
然后 ctrl + x 退出,是否保存选择yes,再按Enter键退出
--------------------------------------------------------------------
查看用户组:
cat /etc/group
查看所有用户:
cat /etc/shadow
添加用户到用户组:
例如添加 [用户名] 到 sudo 组
$ sudo usermod -aG sudo [用户名]
或者,使用 adduser 也能成功:
$ sudo adduser [用户名] sudo
从组移除用户:
$ sudo gpasswd -d [用户名] sudo
查看用户所在组:
$ id [用户名]
--------------------------------------------------------------------
*/