Android Service与Activity之间通信方式

转载地址http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming/article/details/9750689

在Android中，Activity主要负责前台页面的展示，Service主要负责需要长期运行的任务，所以在我们实际开发中，就会常常遇到Activity与Service之间的通信，我们一般在Activity中启动后台Service，通过Intent来启动，Intent中我们可以传递数据给Service，而当我们Service执行某些操作之后想要更新UI线程，我们应该怎么做呢？接下来我就介绍两种方式来实现Service与Activity之间的通信问题

• 通过Binder对象

当Activity通过调用bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn,int flags),我们可以得到一个Service的一个对象实例，然后我们就可以访问Service中的方法，我们还是通过一个例子来理解一下吧，一个模拟下载的小例子，带大家理解一下通过Binder通信的方式

首先我们新建一个工程Communication，然后新建一个Service类

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. <span style="font-family: System;">package com.example.communication;
3. import android.app.Service;
4. import android.content.Intent;
5. import android.os.Binder;
6. import android.os.IBinder;
8. public class MsgServiceextends Service {
9. /**
10. * 进度条的最大值
11. */
12. public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100;
13. /**
14. * 进度条的进度值
15. */
16. private int progress =0;
18. /**
19. * 增加get()方法，供Activity调用
20. * @return 下载进度
21. */
22. public int getProgress() {
23. return progress;
24. }
26. /**
27. * 模拟下载任务，每秒钟更新一次
28. */
29. public void startDownLoad(){
30. new Thread(new Runnable() {
32. @Override
33. public void run() {
34. while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){
35. progress += 5;
36. try {
37. Thread.sleep(1000);
38. } catch (InterruptedException e) {
39. e.printStackTrace();
40. }
42. }
43. }
44. }).start();
45. }
48. /**
49. * 返回一个Binder对象
50. */
51. @Override
52. public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
53. return new MsgBinder();
54. }
56. public class MsgBinderextends Binder{
57. /**
58. * 获取当前Service的实例
59. * @return
60. */
61. public MsgService getService(){
62. return MsgService.this;
63. }
64. }
66. }</span>

<span style="font-family: System;">package com.example.communication;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;

public class MsgService extends Service {
	/**
	 * 进度条的最大值
	 */
	public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100;
	/**
	 * 进度条的进度值
	 */
	private int progress = 0;

	/**
	 * 增加get()方法，供Activity调用
	 * @return 下载进度
	 */
	public int getProgress() {
		return progress;
	}

	/**
	 * 模拟下载任务，每秒钟更新一次
	 */
	public void startDownLoad(){
		new Thread(new Runnable() {
			
			@Override
			public void run() {
				while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){
					progress += 5;
					try {
						Thread.sleep(1000);
					} catch (InterruptedException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
					
				}
			}
		}).start();
	}


	/**
	 * 返回一个Binder对象
	 */
	@Override
	public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
		return new MsgBinder();
	}
	
	public class MsgBinder extends Binder{
		/**
		 * 获取当前Service的实例
		 * @return
		 */
		public MsgService getService(){
			return MsgService.this;
		}
	}

}</span>

上面的代码比较简单，注释也比较详细，最基本的Service的应用了，相信你看得懂的，我们调用startDownLoad()方法来模拟下载任务，然后每秒更新一次进度，但这是在后台进行中，我们是看不到的，所以有时候我们需要他能在前台显示下载的进度问题，所以我们接下来就用到Activity了

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");
2. bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");  
bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

通过上面的代码我们就在Activity绑定了一个Service,上面需要一个ServiceConnection对象，它是一个接口，我们这里使用了匿名内部类

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. <span style="font-family: System;"> ServiceConnection conn =new ServiceConnection() {
3. @Override
4. public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
6. }
8. @Override
9. public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
10. //返回一个MsgService对象
11. msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService();
13. }
14. };</span>

<span style="font-family: System;">	ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
		
		@Override
		public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
			
		}
		
		@Override
		public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
			//返回一个MsgService对象
			msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService();
			
		}
	};</span>

在onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) 回调方法中，返回了一个MsgService中的Binder对象，我们可以通过getService()方法来得到一个MsgService对象，然后可以调用MsgService中的一些方法,Activity的代码如下

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. <span style="font-family: System;">package com.example.communication;
3. import android.app.Activity;
4. import android.content.ComponentName;
5. import android.content.Context;
6. import android.content.Intent;
7. import android.content.ServiceConnection;
8. import android.os.Bundle;
9. import android.os.IBinder;
10. import android.view.View;
11. import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
12. import android.widget.Button;
13. import android.widget.ProgressBar;
15. public class MainActivityextends Activity {
16. private MsgService msgService;
17. private int progress =0;
18. private ProgressBar mProgressBar;
21. @Override
22. protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
23. super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
24. setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
27. //绑定Service
28. Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");
29. bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
32. mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);
33. Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
34. mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
36. @Override
37. public void onClick(View v) {
38. //开始下载
39. msgService.startDownLoad();
40. //监听进度
41. listenProgress();
42. }
43. });
45. }
48. /**
49. * 监听进度，每秒钟获取调用MsgService的getProgress()方法来获取进度，更新UI
50. */
51. public void listenProgress(){
52. new Thread(new Runnable() {
54. @Override
55. public void run() {
56. while(progress < MsgService.MAX_PROGRESS){
57. progress = msgService.getProgress();
58. mProgressBar.setProgress(progress);
59. try {
60. Thread.sleep(1000);
61. } catch (InterruptedException e) {
62. e.printStackTrace();
63. }
64. }
66. }
67. }).start();
68. }
70. ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
71. @Override
72. public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
74. }
76. @Override
77. public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
78. //返回一个MsgService对象
79. msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService();
81. }
82. };
84. @Override
85. protected void onDestroy() {
86. unbindService(conn);
87. super.onDestroy();
88. }
91. }</span><span style="font-family: simsun;">
92. </span>

<span style="font-family: System;">package com.example.communication;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	private MsgService msgService;
	private int progress = 0;
	private ProgressBar mProgressBar;
	

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		
		
		//绑定Service
		Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");
		bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
		
		
		mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);
		Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
		mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
			
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				//开始下载
				msgService.startDownLoad();
				//监听进度
				listenProgress();
			}
		});
		
	}
	

	/**
	 * 监听进度，每秒钟获取调用MsgService的getProgress()方法来获取进度，更新UI
	 */
	public void listenProgress(){
		new Thread(new Runnable() {
			
			@Override
			public void run() {
				while(progress < MsgService.MAX_PROGRESS){
					progress = msgService.getProgress();
					mProgressBar.setProgress(progress);
					try {
						Thread.sleep(1000);
					} catch (InterruptedException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
				
			}
		}).start();
	}
	
	ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
		@Override
		public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
			
		}
		
		@Override
		public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
			//返回一个MsgService对象
			msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService();
			
		}
	};

	@Override
	protected void onDestroy() {
		unbindService(conn);
		super.onDestroy();
	}


}</span><span style="font-family: simsun;">
</span>

其实上面的代码我还是有点疑问，就是监听进度变化的那个方法我是直接在线程中更新UI的，不是说不能在其他线程更新UI操作吗，可能是ProgressBar比较特殊吧，我也没去研究它的源码，知道的朋友可以告诉我一声，谢谢！

上面的代码就完成了在Service更新UI的操作，可是你发现了没有，我们每次都要主动调用getProgress()来获取进度值，然后隔一秒在调用一次getProgress()方法，你会不会觉得很被动呢？可不可以有一种方法当Service中进度发生变化主动通知Activity，答案是肯定的，我们可以利用回调接口实现Service的主动通知，不理解回调方法的可以看看http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming/article/details/8703708

新建一个回调接口

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. public interface OnProgressListener {
2. void onProgress(int progress);
3. }

public interface OnProgressListener {
	void onProgress(int progress);
}

MsgService的代码有一些小小的改变，为了方便大家看懂，我还是将所有代码贴出来

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. <span style="font-family: System;">package com.example.communication;
3. import android.app.Service;
4. import android.content.Intent;
5. import android.os.Binder;
6. import android.os.IBinder;
8. public class MsgServiceextends Service {
9. /**
10. * 进度条的最大值
11. */
12. public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100;
13. /**
14. * 进度条的进度值
15. */
16. private int progress =0;
18. /**
19. * 更新进度的回调接口
20. */
21. private OnProgressListener onProgressListener;
24. /**
25. * 注册回调接口的方法，供外部调用
26. * @param onProgressListener
27. */
28. public void setOnProgressListener(OnProgressListener onProgressListener) {
29. this.onProgressListener = onProgressListener;
30. }
32. /**
33. * 增加get()方法，供Activity调用
34. * @return 下载进度
35. */
36. public int getProgress() {
37. return progress;
38. }
40. /**
41. * 模拟下载任务，每秒钟更新一次
42. */
43. public void startDownLoad(){
44. new Thread(new Runnable() {
46. @Override
47. public void run() {
48. while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){
49. progress += 5;
51. //进度发生变化通知调用方
52. if(onProgressListener != null){
53. onProgressListener.onProgress(progress);
54. }
56. try {
57. Thread.sleep(1000);
58. } catch (InterruptedException e) {
59. e.printStackTrace();
60. }
62. }
63. }
64. }).start();
65. }
68. /**
69. * 返回一个Binder对象
70. */
71. @Override
72. public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
73. return new MsgBinder();
74. }
76. public class MsgBinderextends Binder{
77. /**
78. * 获取当前Service的实例
79. * @return
80. */
81. public MsgService getService(){
82. return MsgService.this;
83. }
84. }
86. }</span>

<span style="font-family: System;">package com.example.communication;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;

public class MsgService extends Service {
	/**
	 * 进度条的最大值
	 */
	public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100;
	/**
	 * 进度条的进度值
	 */
	private int progress = 0;
	
	/**
	 * 更新进度的回调接口
	 */
	private OnProgressListener onProgressListener;
	
	
	/**
	 * 注册回调接口的方法，供外部调用
	 * @param onProgressListener
	 */
	public void setOnProgressListener(OnProgressListener onProgressListener) {
		this.onProgressListener = onProgressListener;
	}

	/**
	 * 增加get()方法，供Activity调用
	 * @return 下载进度
	 */
	public int getProgress() {
		return progress;
	}

	/**
	 * 模拟下载任务，每秒钟更新一次
	 */
	public void startDownLoad(){
		new Thread(new Runnable() {
			
			@Override
			public void run() {
				while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){
					progress += 5;
					
					//进度发生变化通知调用方
					if(onProgressListener != null){
						onProgressListener.onProgress(progress);
					}
					
					try {
						Thread.sleep(1000);
					} catch (InterruptedException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
					
				}
			}
		}).start();
	}


	/**
	 * 返回一个Binder对象
	 */
	@Override
	public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
		return new MsgBinder();
	}
	
	public class MsgBinder extends Binder{
		/**
		 * 获取当前Service的实例
		 * @return
		 */
		public MsgService getService(){
			return MsgService.this;
		}
	}

}</span>

Activity中的代码如下

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. <span style="font-family: System;">package com.example.communication;
3. import android.app.Activity;
4. import android.content.ComponentName;
5. import android.content.Context;
6. import android.content.Intent;
7. import android.content.ServiceConnection;
8. import android.os.Bundle;
9. import android.os.IBinder;
10. import android.view.View;
11. import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
12. import android.widget.Button;
13. import android.widget.ProgressBar;
15. public class MainActivityextends Activity {
16. private MsgService msgService;
17. private ProgressBar mProgressBar;
20. @Override
21. protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
22. super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
23. setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
26. //绑定Service
27. Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");
28. bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
31. mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);
32. Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
33. mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
35. @Override
36. public void onClick(View v) {
37. //开始下载
38. msgService.startDownLoad();
39. }
40. });
42. }
45. ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
46. @Override
47. public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
49. }
51. @Override
52. public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
53. //返回一个MsgService对象
54. msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService();
56. //注册回调接口来接收下载进度的变化
57. msgService.setOnProgressListener(new OnProgressListener() {
59. @Override
60. public void onProgress(int progress) {
61. mProgressBar.setProgress(progress);
63. }
64. });
66. }
67. };
69. @Override
70. protected void onDestroy() {
71. unbindService(conn);
72. super.onDestroy();
73. }
76. }
77. </span>

<span style="font-family: System;">package com.example.communication;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	private MsgService msgService;
	private ProgressBar mProgressBar;
	

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		
		
		//绑定Service
		Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");
		bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
		
		
		mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);
		Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
		mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
			
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				//开始下载
				msgService.startDownLoad();
			}
		});
		
	}
	

	ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
		@Override
		public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
			
		}
		
		@Override
		public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
			//返回一个MsgService对象
			msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService();
			
			//注册回调接口来接收下载进度的变化
			msgService.setOnProgressListener(new OnProgressListener() {
				
				@Override
				public void onProgress(int progress) {
					mProgressBar.setProgress(progress);
					
				}
			});
			
		}
	};

	@Override
	protected void onDestroy() {
		unbindService(conn);
		super.onDestroy();
	}


}
</span>

用回调接口是不是更加的方便呢，当进度发生变化的时候Service主动通知Activity，Activity就可以更新UI操作了

• 通过broadcast(广播)的形式

当我们的进度发生变化的时候我们发送一条广播，然后在Activity的注册广播接收器，接收到广播之后更新ProgressBar,代码如下

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. package com.example.communication;
2. <span style="font-family: System;">
3. import android.app.Activity;
4. import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
5. import android.content.Context;
6. import android.content.Intent;
7. import android.content.IntentFilter;
8. import android.os.Bundle;
9. import android.view.View;
10. import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
11. import android.widget.Button;
12. import android.widget.ProgressBar;
14. public class MainActivityextends Activity {
15. private ProgressBar mProgressBar;
16. private Intent mIntent;
17. private MsgReceiver msgReceiver;
20. @Override
21. protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
22. super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
23. setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
25. //动态注册广播接收器
26. msgReceiver = new MsgReceiver();
27. IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
28. intentFilter.addAction("com.example.communication.RECEIVER");
29. registerReceiver(msgReceiver, intentFilter);
32. mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);
33. Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
34. mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
36. @Override
37. public void onClick(View v) {
38. //启动服务
39. mIntent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");
40. startService(mIntent);
41. }
42. });
44. }
47. @Override
48. protected void onDestroy() {
49. //停止服务
50. stopService(mIntent);
51. //注销广播
52. unregisterReceiver(msgReceiver);
53. super.onDestroy();
54. }
57. /**
58. * 广播接收器
59. * @author len
60. *
61. */
62. public class MsgReceiverextends BroadcastReceiver{
64. @Override
65. public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
66. //拿到进度，更新UI
67. int progress = intent.getIntExtra("progress",0);
68. mProgressBar.setProgress(progress);
69. }
71. }
73. }
74. </span>

package com.example.communication;
<span style="font-family: System;">
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	private ProgressBar mProgressBar;
	private Intent mIntent;
	private MsgReceiver msgReceiver;
	

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		
		//动态注册广播接收器
		msgReceiver = new MsgReceiver();
		IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
		intentFilter.addAction("com.example.communication.RECEIVER");
		registerReceiver(msgReceiver, intentFilter);
		
		
		mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);
		Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
		mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
			
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				//启动服务
				mIntent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");
				startService(mIntent);
			}
		});
		
	}

	
	@Override
	protected void onDestroy() {
		//停止服务
		stopService(mIntent);
		//注销广播
		unregisterReceiver(msgReceiver);
		super.onDestroy();
	}


	/**
	 * 广播接收器
	 * @author len
	 *
	 */
	public class MsgReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{

		@Override
		public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
			//拿到进度，更新UI
			int progress = intent.getIntExtra("progress", 0);
			mProgressBar.setProgress(progress);
		}
		
	}

}
</span>

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. <span style="font-family: System;">package com.example.communication;
3. import android.app.Service;
4. import android.content.Intent;
5. import android.os.IBinder;
7. public class MsgServiceextends Service {
8. /**
9. * 进度条的最大值
10. */
11. public staticfinal int MAX_PROGRESS =100;
12. /**
13. * 进度条的进度值
14. */
15. private int progress =0;
17. private Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.RECEIVER");
20. /**
21. * 模拟下载任务，每秒钟更新一次
22. */
23. public void startDownLoad(){
24. new Thread(new Runnable() {
26. @Override
27. public void run() {
28. while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){
29. progress += 5;
31. //发送Action为com.example.communication.RECEIVER的广播
32. intent.putExtra("progress", progress);
33. sendBroadcast(intent);
35. try {
36. Thread.sleep(1000);
37. } catch (InterruptedException e) {
38. e.printStackTrace();
39. }
41. }
42. }
43. }).start();
44. }
48. @Override
49. public int onStartCommand(Intent intent,int flags, int startId) {
50. startDownLoad();
51. return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
52. }
56. @Override
57. public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
58. return null;
59. }
62. }</span>

<span style="font-family: System;">package com.example.communication;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;

public class MsgService extends Service {
	/**
	 * 进度条的最大值
	 */
	public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100;
	/**
	 * 进度条的进度值
	 */
	private int progress = 0;
	
	private Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.RECEIVER");
	

	/**
	 * 模拟下载任务，每秒钟更新一次
	 */
	public void startDownLoad(){
		new Thread(new Runnable() {
			
			@Override
			public void run() {
				while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){
					progress += 5;
					
					//发送Action为com.example.communication.RECEIVER的广播
					intent.putExtra("progress", progress);
					sendBroadcast(intent);
					
					try {
						Thread.sleep(1000);
					} catch (InterruptedException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
					
				}
			}
		}).start();
	}

	

	@Override
	public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
		startDownLoad();
		return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
	}



	@Override
	public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
		return null;
	}


}</span>

总结:

1. Activity调用bindService (Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags)方法，得到Service对象的一个引用，这样Activity可以直接调用到Service中的方法，如果要主动通知Activity，我们可以利用回调方法
   
2. Service向Activity发送消息，可以使用广播，当然Activity要注册相应的接收器。比如Service要向多个Activity发送同样的消息的话，用这种方法就更好