Android移动开发-Android 6.0以上动态运行时权限申请方法

自从Android6.0版本开始就添加了动态运行时权限，比如获取地理位置、访问手机内存卡、日历以及调用相机等等。 以下是Android 6.0以上动态运行时权限的申请方法。

• 方法一：比如基于定位的动态申请权限方法

    /**
     * Android 6.0 以上的版本的定位方法
     */
    public void showContacts() {
        if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                || ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                || ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "没有权限,请手动开启定位权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            // 申请一个（或多个）权限，并提供用于回调返回的获取码（用户定义）
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{
                    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
            }, BAIDU_READ_PHONE_STATE);
        } else {
        // 执行定位
            initLocation();
        }
    }

    // Android 6.0 以上的版本申请权限的回调方法
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        switch (requestCode) {
            // requestCode即所声明的权限获取码，在checkSelfPermission时传入
            case BAIDU_READ_PHONE_STATE:
                if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    // 获取到权限，作相应处理（调用定位SDK应当确保相关权限均被授权，否则可能引起定位失败）
                    initLocation();
                } else {
                    // 没有获取到权限，做特殊处理
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "获取位置权限失败，请手动开启", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

• 方法二：定义Utils/XPermissionUtils.java工具类逻辑代码

package com.fukaimei.filetest.Utils;

import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Build;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by FuKaimei on 2017/9/18.
 */

public class XPermissionUtils {

    private static int mRequestCode = -1;
    private static OnPermissionListener mOnPermissionListener;

    public interface OnPermissionListener {

        void onPermissionGranted();

        void onPermissionDenied(String[] deniedPermissions, boolean alwaysDenied);
    }

    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
    public static void requestPermissionsAgain(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull String[] permissions,
                                               @NonNull int requestCode) {
        if (context instanceof Activity) {
            ((Activity) context).requestPermissions(permissions, requestCode);
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Context must be an Activity");
        }
    }

    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
    public static void requestPermissions(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull int requestCode,
                                          @NonNull String[] permissions, OnPermissionListener listener) {
        mRequestCode = requestCode;
        mOnPermissionListener = listener;
        String[] deniedPermissions = getDeniedPermissions(context, permissions);
        if (deniedPermissions.length > 0) {
            requestPermissionsAgain(context, permissions, requestCode);
        } else {
            if (mOnPermissionListener != null) mOnPermissionListener.onPermissionGranted();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 请求权限结果，对应Activity中onRequestPermissionsResult()方法。
     */
    public static void onRequestPermissionsResult(@NonNull Activity context, int requestCode,
                                                  @NonNull String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
        if (mRequestCode != -1 && requestCode == mRequestCode) {
            if (mOnPermissionListener != null) {
                String[] deniedPermissions = getDeniedPermissions(context, permissions);
                if (deniedPermissions.length > 0) {
                    boolean alwaysDenied = hasAlwaysDeniedPermission(context, permissions);
                    mOnPermissionListener.onPermissionDenied(deniedPermissions, alwaysDenied);
                } else {
                    mOnPermissionListener.onPermissionGranted();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获取请求权限中需要授权的权限
     */
    private static String[] getDeniedPermissions(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull String[] permissions) {
        List<String> deniedPermissions = new ArrayList();
        for (String permission : permissions) {
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
                deniedPermissions.add(permission);
            }
        }
        return deniedPermissions.toArray(new String[deniedPermissions.size()]);
    }

    /**
     * 是否彻底拒绝了某项权限
     */
    private static boolean hasAlwaysDeniedPermission(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull String... deniedPermissions) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) return false;
        boolean rationale;
        for (String permission : deniedPermissions) {
            rationale = ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale((Activity) context, permission);
            if (!rationale) return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}