QT之菜单栏QMenu、下拉菜单QAction、工具栏QToolBar的使用

  如下内容是实现一个菜单栏以及下拉菜单的制作：
  在mainwindow.h中添加如下内容：

class QAction;
class QMenu;

在pro中添加QT += widgets。QMenu类作为菜单栏，QAction类作为点击菜单栏的下拉菜单使用QMenu类对象的addaction(QAction类的对象)来添加：
  main.c如下：

#include "mainwindow.h"

int main ( int argc, char *argv[] ) {
    Q_INIT_RESOURCE ( application ); /* 初始化qrc资源 */
    QApplication a ( argc, argv );
    a.setOrganizationName ( "Qtporject" );
    a.setApplicationName ( "Application  hello Example" ); /* 给窗口添加name */
    MainWindow w;
    w.show();
    return a.exec();
}

  mainwindow.h如下：

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H

class QPlainTextEdit;
class QAction;
class QMenu;

class MainWindow : public QMainWindow {
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit MainWindow();
    ~MainWindow();
private slots:
    void test();
private:
    void createActions();
    void createMenus();
    QPlainTextEdit *textEdit; /* 文本框 */
    QMenu *fileMenu; /* file菜单 */
    /* 定义了file的下拉菜单为new、open、save、saveAS、exit */
    QAction *newAct;
    QAction *open;
    QAction *Save;
    QAction *saveAs;
    QAction *exit;
};

#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

  mainwindow.cpp如下：

#include "mainwindow.h"

MainWindow::MainWindow() {
    textEdit = new QPlainTextEdit; /* 创建一个文本编辑器 */
    setCentralWidget ( textEdit ); /* 设置文本编辑器为中心位置 */
    createActions(); /* 首先创建file下拉的菜单栏 */
    createMenus(); /* 再来创建菜单目录，把下拉菜单的内容addaction加入到menu中 */
}

MainWindow::~MainWindow() {
}

void MainWindow::test() {
}

/* file下拉菜单，名字为new、open、Save、saveAs和exit，并且添加了快捷键和图标，以及相应的槽函数 */
void MainWindow::createActions() {
    newAct = new QAction ( QIcon ( ":/image/new.png" ), tr ( "&New" ), this );
    newAct->setShortcuts ( QKeySequence::New );
    newAct->setStatusTip ( tr ( "Create a new file" ) );
    connect ( newAct, SIGNAL ( triggered() ), this, SLOT ( test() ) ); /* New点击事件调用test */
    open = new QAction ( QIcon ( ":/image/open.png" ), tr ( "&Open" ), this );
    open->setShortcuts ( QKeySequence::Open );
    open->setStatusTip ( tr ( "open a new file" ) );
    connect ( open, SIGNAL ( triggered() ), this, SLOT ( test() ) ); /* 点击Open事件调用test */
    Save = new QAction ( QIcon ( ":/image/save.png" ), tr ( "&Save" ), this );
    Save->setShortcuts ( QKeySequence::Save );
    Save->setStatusTip ( tr ( "Save a new file" ) );
    connect ( Save, SIGNAL ( triggered() ), this, SLOT ( test() ) ); /* 点击Save事件调用test */
    saveAs = new QAction ( tr ( "&SaveAs" ), this );
    saveAs->setShortcuts ( QKeySequence::SaveAs );
    newAct->setStatusTip ( tr ( "SaveAs a new file" ) );
    connect ( saveAs, SIGNAL ( triggered() ), this, SLOT ( test() ) ); /* saveAS点击事件调用test */
    exit = new QAction ( tr ( "&exit" ), this );
    exit->setShortcuts ( QKeySequence::Close );
    exit->setStatusTip ( tr ( "exit a new file" ) );
    connect ( exit, SIGNAL ( triggered() ), this, SLOT ( close() ) ); /* 点击exit事件调用test */
}

void MainWindow::createMenus() {
    fileMenu = menuBar()->addMenu ( tr ( "&File" ) ); /* 创建一个name为file的菜单栏 */
    /* 在这个菜单栏添加action即下拉菜单 */
    fileMenu->addAction ( newAct );
    fileMenu->addAction ( open );
    fileMenu->addAction ( Save );
    fileMenu->addAction ( saveAs );
    fileMenu->addSeparator(); /* 添加一个分割器 */
    fileMenu->addAction ( exit ); /* 推出下拉菜单 */
}

  下文在原来的基础上添加了菜单栏edit、help，以及edit、help的下拉菜单，还添加了file工具栏和edit工具栏。菜单栏及下拉菜单与上面使用的一样，创建菜单栏类如下：

QMenu *fileMenu;
QMenu *editMenu;
QMenu *helpMenu;

下拉菜单的类如下：

/* 定义edit的下拉菜单cut、copy、past */
QAction *cut;
QAction *copy;
QAction *past;
/* 定义help的下拉菜单about、aboutQt */
QAction *about;
QAction *aboutQt;
edit与help的使用方法为：
/* 创建一个name为edit的菜单栏 */
editMenu = menuBar()->addMenu ( tr ( "&Edit" ) );
/* 在这个菜单栏添加action，即下拉菜单 */
editMenu->addAction ( cut );
editMenu->addAction ( copy );
editMenu->addAction ( past );

/* 创建一个name为help的菜单栏 */
helpMenu = menuBar()->addMenu ( tr ( "&Help" ) );
/* 在这个菜单栏添加action，即下拉菜单 */
helpMenu->addAction ( about );
helpMenu->addAction ( aboutQt );

  工具栏使用的使用如下：

QToolBar *fileToolBar;
QToolBar *editToolBar;

使用方法为：

fileToolBar = addToolBar ( tr ( "File" ) );
fileToolBar->addAction ( newAct );
fileToolBar->addAction ( open ) ；
fileToolBar->addAction ( Save );
editToolBar = addToolBar ( tr ( "Edit" ) );
editToolBar->addAction ( cut );
editToolBar->addAction ( copy );
editToolBar->addAction ( past );

  mainwindow.h如下：

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H

class QPlainTextEdit;
class QAction;
class QMenu;

class MainWindow : public QMainWindow{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit MainWindow();
    ~MainWindow();
private slots:
    void test();
private:
    void createActions();
    void createMenus();
    void createToolBars();

    QPlainTextEdit *textEdit; /* 文本框 */
    /* file菜单 */
    QMenu *fileMenu;
    QMenu *editMenu;
    QMenu *helpMenu;
    QToolBar *fileToolBar;
    QToolBar *editToolBar;
    /* 定义了file的下拉菜单为new、open、save、saveAS和exit */
    QAction *newAct;
    QAction *open;
    QAction *Save;
    QAction *saveAs;
    QAction *exit;
    /* 定义edit的下拉菜单cut、copy、past */
    QAction *cut;
    QAction *copy;
    QAction *past;
    /* 定义help的下拉菜单about aboutQt */
    QAction *about;
    QAction *aboutQt;
};

#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

  mainwindow.cpp代码：

#include "mainwindow.h"

MainWindow::MainWindow() {
    textEdit = new QPlainTextEdit;
    setCentralWidget ( textEdit );
    createActions(); /* 首先创建file下拉的菜单栏 */
    createMenus(); /* 再来创建菜单目录，把下拉菜单的内容addaction加入到menu中 */
    createToolBars();
}

MainWindow::~MainWindow() {
}

void MainWindow::test() {
}

void MainWindow::createActions() {
    newAct = new QAction ( QIcon ( ":/image/new.png" ), tr ( "&New" ), this );
    newAct->setShortcuts ( QKeySequence::New );
    newAct->setStatusTip ( tr ( "Create a new file" ) );
    connect ( newAct, SIGNAL ( triggered() ), this, SLOT ( test() ) );
    open = new QAction ( QIcon ( ":/image/open.png" ), tr ( "&Open" ), this );
    open->setShortcuts ( QKeySequence::Open );
    open->setStatusTip ( tr ( "open a new file" ) );
    connect ( open, SIGNAL ( triggered() ), this, SLOT ( test() ) );
    Save = new QAction ( QIcon ( ":/image/save.png" ), tr ( "&Save" ), this );
    Save->setShortcuts ( QKeySequence::Save );
    Save->setStatusTip ( tr ( "Save a new file" ) );
    connect ( Save, SIGNAL ( triggered() ), this, SLOT ( test() ) );
    saveAs = new QAction ( tr ( "&SaveAs" ), this );
    saveAs->setShortcuts ( QKeySequence::SaveAs );
    newAct->setStatusTip ( tr ( "SaveAs a new file" ) );
    connect ( saveAs, SIGNAL ( triggered() ), this, SLOT ( test() ) );
    exit = new QAction ( tr ( "&exit" ), this );
    exit->setShortcuts ( QKeySequence::Close );
    exit->setStatusTip ( tr ( "exit a new file" ) );
    connect ( exit, SIGNAL ( triggered() ), this, SLOT ( close() ) );
    cut = new QAction ( QIcon ( ":/image/cut.png" ), tr ( "&Cut" ), this );
    cut->setShortcuts ( QKeySequence::Cut );
    cut->setStatusTip ( tr ( "Save a new file" ) );
    connect ( cut, SIGNAL ( triggered() ), this, SLOT ( test() ) );
    copy = new QAction ( QIcon ( ":/image/copy.png" ), tr ( "&Copy" ), this );
    saveAs->setShortcuts ( QKeySequence::Copy );
    copy->setStatusTip ( tr ( "SaveAs a new file" ) );
    connect ( copy, SIGNAL ( triggered() ), this, SLOT ( test() ) );
    past = new QAction ( QIcon ( ":/image/paste.png" ), tr ( "&Paste" ), this );
    past->setShortcuts ( QKeySequence::Paste );
    past->setStatusTip ( tr ( "exit a new file" ) );
    connect ( past, SIGNAL ( triggered() ), this, SLOT ( close() ) );
    about = new QAction ( tr ( "&about" ), this );
    about->setStatusTip ( tr ( "SaveAs a new file" ) );
    connect ( about, SIGNAL ( triggered() ), this, SLOT ( test() ) );
    aboutQt = new QAction ( tr ( "&aboutQt" ), this );
    aboutQt->setStatusTip ( tr ( "exit a new file" ) );
    connect ( aboutQt, SIGNAL ( triggered() ), this, SLOT ( close() ) );
}

void MainWindow::createToolBars() {
    fileToolBar = addToolBar ( tr ( "File" ) );
    fileToolBar->addAction ( newAct );
    fileToolBar->addAction ( open );
    fileToolBar->addAction ( Save );
    editToolBar = addToolBar ( tr ( "Edit" ) );
    editToolBar->addAction ( cut );
    editToolBar->addAction ( copy );
    editToolBar->addAction ( past );
}

void MainWindow::createMenus() {
    fileMenu = menuBar()->addMenu ( tr ( "&File" ) ); /* 创建一个name为file的菜单栏 */
    /* 在这个菜单栏添加action即下拉菜单 */
    fileMenu->addAction ( newAct );
    fileMenu->addAction ( open );
    fileMenu->addAction ( Save );
    fileMenu->addAction ( saveAs );
    fileMenu->addSeparator(); /* 添加一个分割器 */
    fileMenu->addAction ( exit ); /* 推出下拉菜单 */
    editMenu = menuBar()->addMenu ( tr ( "&Edit" ) ); /* 创建一个name为edit的菜单栏 */
    /* 在这个菜单栏添加action即下拉菜单 */
    editMenu->addAction ( cut );
    editMenu->addAction ( copy );
    editMenu->addAction ( past );
    helpMenu = menuBar()->addMenu ( tr ( "&Help" ) ); /* 创建一个name为help的菜单栏 */
    /* 在这个菜单栏添加action即下拉菜单 */
    helpMenu->addAction ( about );
    helpMenu->addAction ( aboutQt );
}