享元模式

享元模式：运用共享技术有效地支持大量细粒度的对象。UML如下图所示。

1、FlyWeight类所有具体享元类的超类或接口。

<span style="font-size:18px;">public abstract class FlyWeight
{
abstract void Operation(int extrinsictstate);
}</span>

2、具体FlyWeight类。

<span style="font-size:18px;">public class ConcreteFlyWeight extends FlyWeight
{

	@Override
	void Operation(int extrinsictstate)
	{
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("共享的具体的FlyWeight"+extrinsictstate);
	}

}
class UnsharedConcreteFlyWeight extends FlyWeight
{

    @Override
    void Operation(int extrinsictstate)
    {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("非共享的具体"+extrinsictstate);
    }

}
</span>

3、FlyWeightFactory类

<span style="font-size:18px;">public class FlyWeightFactory
{
private Map<String,FlyWeight> map=new HashMap<String,FlyWeight>();
public FlyWeightFactory()
{
	map.put("x",new ConcreteFlyWeight());
	map.put("y",new ConcreteFlyWeight());
	map.put("z",new ConcreteFlyWeight());
}
public FlyWeight getFlyWeight(String key)
{
	return map.get(key);
}
}</span>

4、Client类

<span style="font-size:18px;">public class Client
{
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		int extrinsicstate=22;
		FlyWeightFactory f=new FlyWeightFactory();
		FlyWeight fx=f.getFlyWeight("x");
		fx.Operation(--extrinsicstate);
		FlyWeight fy=f.getFlyWeight("y");
		fy.Operation(--extrinsicstate);
		FlyWeight fz=f.getFlyWeight("z");
		fz.Operation(--extrinsicstate);
		
		FlyWeight uf=new UnsharedConcreteFlyWeight();
		uf.Operation(--extrinsicstate);
	}
}</span>

实例分析，网站的代码共享，如果在构建多个网站的时候，发现网站的功能只有小范围的差异，那么就可以通过享元的方法，将多个网站布置在一个服务器空间上。

1、Website抽象类

<span style="font-size:18px;">public abstract class Website
{
	public abstract void use(User user);
}
</span>

2、Website具体类

<span style="font-size:18px;">public class ConcreteWebsite extends Website
{
    private String name="";
    public ConcreteWebsite(String name)
    {
    	this.name=name;
    }
	@Override
	public void use(User user)
	{
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
      System.out.println("网站分类："+name+"："+"用户名"+user.getName());
	}

}
</span>

3、WebsiteFactory类

<span style="font-size:18px;">public class WebsiteFactory
{
	private Map<String, Website> map = new HashMap<String, Website>();

	public Website getWebsiteCategory(String key)
	{
		if (!map.containsKey(key))
		{
			map.put(key, new ConcreteWebsite(key));
		}
		return map.get(key);
	}

	public int getWebsiteCount()
	{
		return map.size();
	}
}</span>

4、User类

<span style="font-size:18px;">public class User
{
	private String name;

	public String getName()
	{
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name)
	{
		this.name = name;
	}
}
</span>

5、客户端类

<span style="font-size:18px;">public class Client
{
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		User user = new User();
		user.setName("A");
		WebsiteFactory f = new WebsiteFactory();
		Website fx = f.getWebsiteCategory("产品展示");
		fx.use(user);
		user.setName("B");
		Website fy = f.getWebsiteCategory("产品展示");
		fy.use(user);
		user.setName("C");
		Website fz = f.getWebsiteCategory("产品展示");
		fz.use(user);

		user.setName("E");
		Website f1 = f.getWebsiteCategory("博客");
		f1.use(user);
		user.setName("F");
		Website f2 = f.getWebsiteCategory("博客");
		f2.use(user);
		user.setName("G");
		Website f3 = f.getWebsiteCategory("博客");
		f3.use(user);

		System.out.println("网站分类总数为:" + f.getWebsiteCount());

	}
}
</span>

享元模式的应用场景：1、如果一个应用程序使用了大量的对象，而大量的这些对象造成了很大的存储开销时就应该考虑适应。

                                        2、对象的大多数状态可以是外部状态，如果删除对象的外部状态，那么可以用相对较少的共享对象取代很多组对象，此时可以考虑使用享元模式。

资料来源：程杰老师<大话设计模式>