屏幕适配方案系列一

• 1.推荐方案：

  • 1）Android中的RelativeLayout, layout_weight属性，适应不同像素密度的dp/sp单位，mdpi/hdpi/xdpi等一系列文件夹，尽量用点九图，提供了各种手段解决适配问题
  • 2）可能的问题原因：android本身会根据手机的像素密度，会在不同的文件夹，选取对应的图片，并对图片进行放缩。但是由于android像素密度算法不科学，会导致同一张图在不同的像素密度的手机下，显示不一致。
  • 3）可行性的解决方案：只用一套图，就是用android的像素密度的逆运算，将图片尺寸还原到原始尺寸。判断当前手机的分辨率和原始参考系的分辨率的比例系数，乘以这个系数，给控件添加一个新的属性，就是百分比。因为百分比才是绝对不变的
  • 4）根据屏幕的尺寸动态的设置+符合各段位分辨率的图片
  • 5）为不同的分辨率设计不同的UI界面

• 2.
  官网推荐方法
  http://developer.android.com/training/basics/supporting-devices/screens.html
  支持不同的屏幕
  http://developer.android.com/training/multiscreen/index.html
  资源匹配算法
  http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/resources/providing-resources.html#BestMatch
  图标设计
  https://www.google.com/design/spec/style/icons.html#icons-system-icons

  • 2.1.two general properties: size and density，support alternative resources
  • 2.2.four generalized sizes: small, normal, large, xlarge 布局
  • 2.3. four generalized densities: low (ldpi), medium (mdpi), high (hdpi), extra high (xhdpi)图片
  • 2.4. layouts and bitmaps 使用，横竖屏先不考虑
  • 2.5.创建不同的布局，比如large-size的屏幕，则后缀名suffix添加-
  • 2.6.Android automatically scales your layout in order to properly fit the screen.
  • 2.7.
    
    The file names must be exactly the same, but their contents are different in order to provide an optimized UI for the corresponding screen size.布局内容可以不相同，但是名字要相同，这样Android会根据屏幕大小时会自动加载选择合适的布局The system loads the layout file from the appropriate layout directory based on screen size of the device
  • 2.8.
    
    Android 3.2版本以上有更好的方法根据 allows you to specify【指定】 resources for screen sizes based on the minimum width and height 【最小宽度和高度】in terms of density-independent pixels. 【dpi】
  • 2.9.图片：scaled to each of the generalized density buckets: low, medium, high and extra-high density. Any time you reference @drawable/awesomeimage, the system selects the appropriate bitmap based on the screen’s density. 系统会根据屏幕密度自动选择
    
  • 2.10.兼容不同的屏幕大小也就是适配支持：design your application to be compatible with all screen sizes

• 3.官方推荐方法——高阶

  • 3.1.兼容不同屏幕大小的基本指导原则：
  • • 01.布局可以被重新计算 be adequately resized to fit the screen!
  • -02.Providing appropriate UI layout according to screen configuration
  • -03.Providing bitmaps that scale correctly 设计师提供层裁剪合适的位图
  • 3.2.具体方案原则：
  • -01.尽量使用”wrap_content” and “match_parent”属性来定义视图组件的宽和高
    “wrap_content”：the width or height of the view is set to the minimum size necessary to fit the content within that view
    “match_parent”：makes the component expand to match the size of its parent view. 大小size,而不是使用hard-coded sizes
  • -02.LinearLayout does not allow you to precisely control the spacial relationships of child views; views in a LinearLayout simply line up side-by-side. If you need child views to be oriented in variations other than a straight line, a better solution is often to use a RelativeLayout, 推荐使用相对布局
  • -03.使用配置符configuration qualifiers
    http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#qualifiers
    
    Android3.2之后
    
  • -04.使用点9图制作图标背景
    http://www.zhihu.com/question/28850798/answer/42476544
    http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/46695347