字符函数和字符串函数，以及内存函数

1.strlen(求字符串长度)

定义：size_t  strlen (const char* string), 其中size_t 是 unsigned  int size_t

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
	int len = strlen("abcdef");
	printf("%d\n", len);
	return 0;
}

2.strcpy(字符串拷贝)

定义：char*strcpy (char* destination , const char* source)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
	char arr1[] = "abcdefg";
	char arr2[] = "bit";
	strcpy(arr1, arr2);// 把\0 也拷贝过去了
	printf("%s\n", arr1);
	return 0;
}

3.strcat(字符串追加)

定义：char* strcat (char* destination , const char* source)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
	char arr1[30] = "abc";
	char arr2[] = "def";
	strcat(arr1, arr2);
	printf("%s\n", arr1);
	return 0;
}

4.strcmp(字符串比较)

定义：int strcmp (const char* str1 , const char* str2)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
	char* p1 = "abcdef";
	char* p2 = "sqwer";
	int ret = strcmp(p1, p2);//比较的是对应的字符
	printf("%d\n", ret);//小于的话返回负数//大于的话返回正数//等于返回0
	return 0;
}

5.strtok（打断函数）

定义：char* strtok (char*str,  const char*sep)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<assert.h>
int main()
{
	char arr[] = "192.168.31.121";
	char* p = ".";
	char* ret = NULL;
	for (ret = strtok(arr, p);ret != NULL;ret = strtok(NULL, p))
	{
		printf("%s\n", ret);
	}
	return 0;
}

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<assert.h>
int main()
{
	char arr[] = "zpw@bitedu.tech";
	char* p = "@.";
	char* ret = NULL;
	for (ret = strtok(arr, p);ret != NULL;ret = strtok(NULL, p))
	{
		printf("%s\n",ret);
	}
	return 0;
}

6.strerror(报错函数)

定义：char* strerror (int errnum)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<assert.h>
#include<errno.h>
int main()
{
	/*char* str = strerror(4);
	printf("%s\n", str);*/
	char* str = strerror(errno);
	//errno是一个全局的错误码变量，当C语言的库函数在执行过程中发生了错误，就会把对应的错误码，赋值到errno中
	//头文件是<errno.h>
	FILE* pf = fopen("1.txt", "r");//打开文件
	if (pf == NULL)
	{
		printf("%s\n", strerror(errno));
	}
	else
	{
		printf("open file successed\n");
	}
	return 0;
}

7.islower(判断是否是小写字母)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<ctype.h>
int main()
{
	char ch = 'w';
	int ret = islower(ch);//非0就是小写字母//头文件是<ctype.h>
	printf("%d\n", ret);
	return 0;
}

8.isdigit(判断是否是数字)

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
	char ch = '2';
	int ret = isdigit(ch);//非0就是数字
	printf("%d\n", ret);
	return 0;
}

9.字符转换函数

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
	char ch = tolower('Q');//转换成小写字母
	putchar(ch);
	char chh = toupper('m');//转换成大写字母
	putchar(chh);
	return 0;
}

#include<stdio.h>
#include<ctype.h>
int main()
{
	char arr[] = "I AM A STUDENT";
	int i = 0;
	while (arr[i])
	{
		if (isupper(arr[i]))//判断是否是大写字母
		{
			arr[i] = tolower(arr[i]);//转换成小写字母
		}
		i++;
	}
	printf("%s\n", arr);
	return 0;
}

10.memcpy（内存拷贝）

定义：void* memcpy (void* destination , const void* source , size_t num)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
	int arr1[] = { 1,2,3,4,5 };
	int arr2[5] = { 0 };
	memcpy(arr2, arr1, sizeof(arr1));//处理不重叠的//头文件是<string.h>
	int i = 0;
	for (i = 0;i < 5;i++)
	{
		printf(" %d", arr2[i]);
	}
	return 0;
}

 11.memmove(内存拷贝)

定义：void* memmove(void* dest , const void*src , size_t count)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
	int arr[] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 };
	memmove(arr+2,arr,20);//处理内存重叠的//头文件是<string.h>
	int i = 0;
	for (i = 0;i < 10;i++)
	{
		printf(" %d", arr[i]);
	}
	return 0;
}

12.memcmp(内存比较)

定义：int memcmp (const void* ptr1 , const void* ptr2 , size_t num

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
	int arr1[] = { 1,2,3,4,5 };
	int arr2[] = { 1,2,5,4,3 };
	int ret = memcmp(arr1, arr2, 8);//8的单位是字节
	printf("%d\n", ret);
	return 0;
}

13.memset(内存设置)

定义：void* memset (void* dest , int c , size_t count)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
	char arr[10] = "";
	memset(arr, '#', 10);//10表示10个字符
	return 0;
}