初学OpenGL，对OpenGL库的理解

vs版本：visual studio community2017

系统：win10 64

openGL库主要的四种：

基本GL库：

GULT库

GLU库

GLUI库

根据https://www.cnblogs.com/FireCuckoo/p/7826615.html进行OpenGL的配置后，

只包含有OpenGL的GL库。

另外跟着https://learnopengl-cn.readthedocs.io/zh/latest/01%20Getting%20started/04%20Hello%20Triangle/#_1帖子

发现还有glew,glfw库。

这两个步骤之后自己只有gl库，glew，glfw，引入其他库都会错误提醒。

所以现在学习OpenGL的最好途径就是跟着https://learnopengl-cn.readthedocs.io/zh/latest/01%20Getting%20started/04%20Hello%20Triangle/#_帖子进行学习。

测试1：
#include <iostream>

// GLEW
#define GLEW_STATIC
#include <GL/glew.h>

// GLFW
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>


// Function prototypes
void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mode);

// Window dimensions
const GLuint WIDTH = 800, HEIGHT = 600;

// Shaders
const GLchar* vertexShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
"layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
"gl_Position = vec4(position.x, position.y, position.z, 1.0);\n"
"}\0";
const GLchar* fragmentShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
"out vec4 color;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
"color = vec4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);\n"
"}\n\0";

// The MAIN function, from here we start the application and run the game loop
int main()
{
	// Init GLFW
	glfwInit();
	// Set all the required options for GLFW
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GL_FALSE);

	// Create a GLFWwindow object that we can use for GLFW's functions
	GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", nullptr, nullptr);
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

	// Set the required callback functions
	glfwSetKeyCallback(window, key_callback);

	// Set this to true so GLEW knows to use a modern approach to retrieving function pointers and extensions
	glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
	// Initialize GLEW to setup the OpenGL Function pointers
	glewInit();

	// Define the viewport dimensions
	int width, height;
	glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
	glViewport(0, 0, width, height);


	// Build and compile our shader program
	// Vertex shader
	GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
	glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);
	glCompileShader(vertexShader);
	// Check for compile time errors
	GLint success;
	GLchar infoLog[512];
	glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
	if (!success)
	{
		glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
		std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::VERTEX::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
	}
	// Fragment shader
	GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
	glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, NULL);
	glCompileShader(fragmentShader);
	// Check for compile time errors
	glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
	if (!success)
	{
		glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
		std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FRAGMENT::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
	}
	// Link shaders
	GLuint shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
	glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
	glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
	glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);
	// Check for linking errors
	glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
	if (!success) {
		glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram, 512, NULL, infoLog);
		std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::PROGRAM::LINKING_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
	}
	glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
	glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);


	// Set up vertex data (and buffer(s)) and attribute pointers
	GLfloat vertices[] = {
		-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // Left  
		0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // Right 
		0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f  // Top   
	};
	GLuint VBO, VAO;
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
	// Bind the Vertex Array Object first, then bind and set vertex buffer(s) and attribute pointer(s).
	glBindVertexArray(VAO);

	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); // Note that this is allowed, the call to glVertexAttribPointer registered VBO as the currently bound vertex buffer object so afterwards we can safely unbind

	glBindVertexArray(0); // Unbind VAO (it's always a good thing to unbind any buffer/array to prevent strange bugs)

						  // Game loop
	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
	{
		// Check if any events have been activiated (key pressed, mouse moved etc.) and call corresponding response functions
		glfwPollEvents();

		// Render
		// Clear the colorbuffer
		glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

		// Draw our first triangle
		glUseProgram(shaderProgram);
		glBindVertexArray(VAO);
		glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
		glBindVertexArray(0);

		// Swap the screen buffers
		glfwSwapBuffers(window);
	}
	// Properly de-allocate all resources once they've outlived their purpose
	glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
	// Terminate GLFW, clearing any resources allocated by GLFW.
	glfwTerminate();
	return 0;
}

// Is called whenever a key is pressed/released via GLFW
void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mode)
{
	if (key == GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE && action == GLFW_PRESS)
		glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, GL_TRUE);
}

// OpenGLDemo.cpp: 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//
测试2：
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <gl/glut.h>

void renderWindow(void)
{
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);                           //当前背景色填充窗口
    glColor3f(1,0,0);                                       //颜色:RGB.此处R:1,为红色.
    glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);                                  //开始:三角形
    glVertex2f(-0.5f, -0.5f);                               //三个顶点坐标:
    glVertex2d(0.5f, -0.5f);
    glVertex2d(-0.0f, 0.5f);
    glEnd();                                                //结束
    glFlush();                                              //输出缓冲区 
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])                            //主函数: 参数数量&参数值
{
    glutInit(&argc, argv);                                  //初始化glut: 接收主函数的参数
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_SINGLE);            //显示模式：颜色&缓冲
    glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0);                           //窗口相对屏幕位置
    glutInitWindowSize(720, 720);                           //窗口大小
    glutCreateWindow("Hello, OpenGL!");                     //创建窗口: 标题
    glutDisplayFunc(&renderWindow);                         //显示函数
    glutMainLoop();                                         //循环
    return 0;
}