Python基础之random

Python基础之random

本节将介绍Python中的内置模块random，用于随机数相关的操作。

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random模块支持生成随机浮点数，随机整数，从list，tuple，str 中随机选择某一个或多个元素，混淆某个list。例如：

import random
import string

# float_n is a float number in [0,1)
float_n = random.random()
print(float_n)

# int_n is a int number in [1, 10]
int_n = random.randint(1, 10)
print(int_n)

# float_n is a float number in [1.2, 2.8]
float_n = random.uniform(1.2, 2.8)
print(float_n)

# Random choice
print(random.choice("abcdefghi"))
print(random.choice([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]))
print(random.choice(('xiaoming', 'xiaohong', 'ahuang', 'tom', 'jerry')))

# Random range in [1, 10) with step 2
print(random.randrange(1, 10, 2))

# Shuffle a list
l = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
random.shuffle(l)
print(l)


def generate_password():
    while True:
        lower_l = random.sample(string.ascii_lowercase, random.randint(1, 5))
        upper_l = random.sample(string.ascii_uppercase, random.randint(1, 5))
        punc_l = random.sample(string.punctuation, random.randint(1, 5))
        digit_l = random.sample(string.digits, random.randint(1, 5))
        password_l = lower_l + upper_l + punc_l + digit_l
        random.shuffle(password_l)
        password_str = ''.join(password_l)
        if len(password_str) >= 12:
            return password_str
        else:
            print("Generate password again...")


password = generate_password()
print(password)

运行结果：

D:\work\python_workspace\python_study\venv\Scripts\python.exe D:/work/python_workspace/python_study/basic_14/test_random.py
0.5892891534926099
7
2.0257998459688524
e
6
xiaoming
1
[7, 5, 2, 8, 1, 6, 3, 9, 4]
Generate password again...
Pmn`{4]x+7v$U

Process finished with exit code 0