如何用Python从Oracle数据库高效查询数据

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-13 08:00:00 发布

fuyouhan

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-13 08:00:00 发布

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分类专栏： Oracle数据库 Python 文章标签： oracle python 数据库大数据数据挖掘

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本文介绍了如何使用Python高效地从Oracle数据库中查询数据，包括设置OutputTypeHandler来处理LOB/CLOB数据类型，调整cursor.arraysize和prefetchrows提升查询速度，以及将查询结果保存到Excel。通过这些方法，可以显著提高查询效率并方便数据处理。

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如何用Python从Oracle数据库高效查询数据

要点：

数据类型转换OutputTypeHandler，避免Oracle LOB/CLOB等数据类型查询报错
cursor.arraysize 和cursor.prefetchrows 提高查询速度，一般设置大于查询结果行数。该设置可以降低/减少查询时间（十倍，甚至几十倍的查询速度提高）

import cx_Oracle  #cx_Oracle module is imported to provide the API for accessing the Oracle database
import db_config # import db_config.py for the db access username/password/db info
import time
import pandas as pd
import decimal
import copy

start = time.time() # record the time when the code start to run

def OutConverter(value):
    ''' 1. replace null with blank '''
    if value is None:
        return ''
    return value

def OutputTypeHandler(cursor, name, defaultType, size, precision, scale):
    ''' 2. Output type handler function '''
    if defaultType in (cx_Oracle.DB_TYPE_VARCHAR, cx_Oracle.DB_TYPE_CHAR):
        return cursor.var(str, size, arraysize = cursor.arraysize, outconverter=OutConverter)
    if defaultType == cx_Oracle.CLOB:
        return cursor.var(cx_Oracle.LONG_STRING, arraysize = cursor.arraysize,outconverter=OutConverter)
    if defaultType == cx_Oracle.BLOB:
        return cursor.var(cx_Oracle.LONG_BINARY, arraysize = cursor.arraysize,outconverter=OutConverter)
    if defaultType == cx_Oracle.NUMBER:
        return cursor.var(decimal.Decimal, arraysize=cursor.arraysize, outconverter=OutConverter)
    if defaultType == cx_Oracle.TIMESTAMP:
        return cursor.var(str, arraysize = cursor.arraysize,outconverter=OutConverter)

def oracle_query(sql_statement):
    ''' 3. Query Oracle Database'''
    connection = cx_Oracle.connect(db_config.user, db_config.pw, db_config.dsn)
    connection.outputtypehandler = OutputTypeHandler
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.arraysize = 1000
    cursor.prefetchrows = 1000
    cursor.execute(sql_statement)

    # 3.1. Query Column info - colunm name/type/...
    for column in cursor.description: print(column)

    # 3.2. Changing Query Results with Rowfactories
    columns = [col[0] for col in cursor.description]
    cursor.rowfactory = lambda *args: dict(zip(columns, args))
    data = cursor.fetchall()

    # 3.4. Covert a Diction List Data to a two-dimensional data structure table
    #result = pd.DataFrame(data)
    result = data
    #print(result.tail())
    return result

def save_to_excel(data1,excel_name,sheet_name):
    '''4. Save data to a Excel'''
    print("Start write data to Excel........")
    data = pd.DataFrame(data1)
    data.to_excel(excel_name, sheet_name, index=0)
    print("Finish write to a Excel: " + excel_name+ "\n")

sql_statement = '''SELECT * from table_name'''
data  = oracle_query(sql_statement)

elapsed = (time.time() - start)
print(">>> The code running: ",elapsed, "Seconds")