python查缺补漏之map(),reduce(),filter(),sorted()

这里都结合了匿名函数lambda

map()

实现对列表每个元素进行操作
map(function, iterable, …)

list_test = [4, 3, 67, 98, 56, 2, 7, 9, 1]
result = map(lambda x: x + 2, list_test)
print(list(result))

result = map(lambda s: s if s % 2 == 0 else s + 1, list_test)
print(list(result))

上面是对每个元素进行加2，下面是对奇数进行加1，结果如下

[6, 5, 69, 100, 58, 4, 9, 11, 3]
[4, 4, 68, 98, 56, 2, 8, 10, 2]

reduce()

实现对列表相邻元素迭代操作
reduce(function, sequence, initial=None)
reduce(function, iterable[, initializer])
最后一个initial是起始值，可以添加，添加后就会将该值放在列表第一个开始计算

from functools import reduce

tuple_test = (2, 4, 6, 1, 9, 5, 8)
result = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, tuple_test)
print(result)
result = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, tuple_test, 10)
print(result)

结果

35
45

filter()

实现对列表的过滤
filter(function, iterable)

list_test = [3, 5, 6, 1, 9, 4]
result = filter(lambda x: x > 5, list_test)
print(list(result))

结果

[6, 9]

sorted

对列表排序
sorted(iterable, cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False)
reverse决定大小顺序

dict_test = [
    {"name": 'jack', "score": 98},
    {"name": 'jam', "score": 92},
    {"name": 'bob', "score": 100},
    {"name": 'tom', "score": 90},
]
result = sorted(dict_test, key=lambda x: x["score"], reverse=True)
print(result)

结果

[{'name': 'tom', 'score': 90}, {'name': 'jam', 'score': 92}, {'name': 'jack', 'score': 98}, {'name': 'bob', 'score': 100}]