例解const之一

1. const类实例不能调用非const的成员函数，编译器出错。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class student
{
public:
    student(int id, const string& name) : m_id(id), m_name(name)
    {
        // do nothing
    }

    int get_id()
    {
        return m_id;
    }

private:
    int m_id;
    string m_name;
};

int main()
{
    student stu1(1, "zhangshan");
    const student stu2(2, "lisi");
    cout << "stu1's id:" << stu1.get_id() << endl;
    cout << "stu2's id:" << stu2.get_id() << endl;
    return 0;
}

 

 

[root@CNC_BJ_010_235 xxx]# g++ test_const.cpp -o test_const
test_const.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
test_const.cpp:29: error: passing ‘const student’ as ‘this’ argument of ‘int student::get_id()’ discards qualifiers

 

2. 非const类实例可以调用const的类成员函数。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class student
{
public:
    student(int id, const string& name) : m_id(id), m_name(name)
    {
        // do nothing
    }

    int get_id() const
    {
        return m_id;
    }

private:
    int m_id;
    string m_name;
};

int main()
{
    student stu1(1, "zhangshan");
    const student stu2(2, "lisi");
    cout << "stu1's id:" << stu1.get_id() << endl;
    cout << "stu2's id:" << stu2.get_id() << endl;
    return 0;
}

 

[root@CNC_BJ_010_235 xxx]# ./test_const
stu1's id:1
stu2's id:2

 

 

3. const会导致类成员函数重载。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

 

using namespace std;

 

class student
{
public:
    student(int id, const string& name) : m_id(id), m_name(name)
    {
        // do nothing
    }

 

    int get_id() const
    {
        return m_id;
    }

 

    int get_id()
    {
        return m_id * (-1);
    }

private:
    int m_id;

    string m_name;
};

int main()
{
    student stu1(1, "zhangshan");
    const student stu2(2, "lisi");
    cout << "stu1's id:" << stu1.get_id() << endl;
    cout << "stu2's id:" << stu2.get_id() << endl;
    return 0;
}

 

[root@CNC_BJ_010_235 xxx]# ./test_const
stu1's id:-1
stu2's id:2