动手学数据分析Day1

数据读取与初步观察

1.1.1 任务一：导入numpy和pandas

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

1.1.2 任务二：载入数据

import os
os.getcwd()
train = pd.read_csv('train.csv')
train_table = pd.read_table('train.csv', sep=',')  #read_table将整个文件读入为单列表格，指定sep=','参数可使其效果与read_csv一致
train_table.head()  #查看表头

1.1.3 任务三：每1000行为一个数据模块，逐块读取

train = pd.read_csv('train.csv', chunksize=1000)  #指定chunksize参数，返回一个TextParse对象
train

train = pd.read_csv('train.csv', chunksize=1000)
train

<pandas.io.parsers.TextFileReader at 0x27e15c45a90>

通过for循环读取数据：

tot = []
for piece in train:
	tot.append(piece)
print(tot)

 PassengerId  Survived  Pclass  \

0 1 0 3
1 2 1 1
2 3 1 3
3 4 1 1
4 5 0 3
… … … …
886 887 0 2
887 888 1 1
888 889 0 3
889 890 1 1
890 891 0 3

                                              Name     Sex   Age  SibSp  \

0 Braund, Mr. Owen Harris male 22.0 1
1 Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th… female 38.0 1
2 Heikkinen, Miss. Laina female 26.0 0
3 Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel) female 35.0 1
4 Allen, Mr. William Henry male 35.0 0
… … … … …
886 Montvila, Rev. Juozas male 27.0 0
887 Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith female 19.0 0
888 Johnston, Miss. Catherine Helen “Carrie” female NaN 1
889 Behr, Mr. Karl Howell male 26.0 0
890 Dooley, Mr. Patrick male 32.0 0

 Parch            Ticket     Fare Cabin Embarked  

0 0 A/5 21171 7.2500 NaN S
1 0 PC 17599 71.2833 C85 C
2 0 STON/O2. 3101282 7.9250 NaN S
3 0 113803 53.1000 C123 S
4 0 373450 8.0500 NaN S
… … … … … …
886 0 211536 13.0000 NaN S
887 0 112053 30.0000 B42 S
888 2 W./C. 6607 23.4500 NaN S
889 0 111369 30.0000 C148 C
890 0 370376 7.7500 NaN Q

[891 rows x 12 columns]

TextParse是一种类似于迭代器或生成器的类型，将文件以chunker的形式进行读取避免当文件过大时一次性读取数据后爆内存的问题。可以通过for循环将数据分次读入内存。

1.1.4 任务四：将表头改成中文，索引改为乘客ID

train = pd.read_csv('train.csv')
train.rename(columns = {'PassengerId':'乘客ID','Survived':'是否幸存',
                        'Pclass':'乘客等级(1/2/3等舱位)','Name':'乘客姓名',
                        'Sex':'性别','Age':'年龄','SibSp':'堂兄弟/妹个数',
                        'Parch':'父母与小孩个数','Ticket':'船票信息 ',
                        'Fare':'票价','Cabin':'客舱','Embarked':'登船港口'},inplace=True)
train.head()

乘客ID 是否幸存 乘客等级(1/2/3等舱位) 乘客姓名 性别 年龄 堂兄弟/妹个数 父母与小孩个数 船票信息 票价 客舱 登船港口
0 1 0 3 Braund, Mr. Owen Harris male 22.0 1 0 A/5 21171 7.2500 NaN S
1 2 1 1 Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th… female 38.0 1 0 PC 17599 71.2833 C85 C
2 3 1 3 Heikkinen, Miss. Laina female 26.0 0 0 STON/O2. 3101282 7.9250 NaN S
3 4 1 1 Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel) female 35.0 1 0 113803 53.1000 C123 S
4 5 0 3 Allen, Mr. William Henry male 35.0 0 0 373450 8.0500 NaN S

1.2 初步观察

1.2.1 任务一：查看数据的基本信息

train.info()

<class ‘pandas.core.frame.DataFrame’>
RangeIndex: 891 entries, 0 to 890
Data columns (total 12 columns):

Column Non-Null Count Dtype

---

0 乘客ID 891 non-null int64
1 是否幸存 891 non-null int64
2 乘客等级(1/2/3等舱位) 891 non-null int64
3 乘客姓名 891 non-null object
4 性别 891 non-null object
5 年龄 714 non-null float64
6 堂兄弟/妹个数 891 non-null int64
7 父母与小孩个数 891 non-null int64
8 船票信息 891 non-null object
9 票价 891 non-null float64
10 客舱 204 non-null object
11 登船港口 889 non-null object
dtypes: float64(2), int64(5), object(5)
memory usage: 83.7+ KB

train.describe()

乘客ID 是否幸存 乘客等级(1/2/3等舱位) 年龄 堂兄弟/妹个数 父母与小孩个数 票价
count 891.000000 891.000000 891.000000 714.000000 891.000000 891.000000 891.000000
mean 446.000000 0.383838 2.308642 29.699118 0.523008 0.381594 32.204208
std 257.353842 0.486592 0.836071 14.526497 1.102743 0.806057 49.693429
min 1.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.420000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
25% 223.500000 0.000000 2.000000 20.125000 0.000000 0.000000 7.910400
50% 446.000000 0.000000 3.000000 28.000000 0.000000 0.000000 14.454200
75% 668.500000 1.000000 3.000000 38.000000 1.000000 0.000000 31.000000
max 891.000000 1.000000 3.000000 80.000000 8.000000 6.000000 512.329200

1.2.2 任务二：观察表格前10行的数据和后15行的数据

train.head(10)

乘客ID 是否幸存 乘客等级(1/2/3等舱位) 乘客姓名 性别 年龄 堂兄弟/妹个数 父母与小孩个数 船票信息 票价 客舱 登船港口
0 1 0 3 Braund, Mr. Owen Harris male 22.0 1 0 A/5 21171 7.2500 NaN S
1 2 1 1 Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th… female 38.0 1 0 PC 17599 71.2833 C85 C
2 3 1 3 Heikkinen, Miss. Laina female 26.0 0 0 STON/O2. 3101282 7.9250 NaN S
3 4 1 1 Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel) female 35.0 1 0 113803 53.1000 C123 S
4 5 0 3 Allen, Mr. William Henry male 35.0 0 0 373450 8.0500 NaN S
5 6 0 3 Moran, Mr. James male NaN 0 0 330877 8.4583 NaN Q
6 7 0 1 McCarthy, Mr. Timothy J male 54.0 0 0 17463 51.8625 E46 S
7 8 0 3 Palsson, Master. Gosta Leonard male 2.0 3 1 349909 21.0750 NaN S
8 9 1 3 Johnson, Mrs. Oscar W (Elisabeth Vilhelmina Berg) female 27.0 0 2 347742 11.1333 NaN S
9 10 1 2 Nasser, Mrs. Nicholas (Adele Achem) female 14.0 1 0 237736 30.0708 NaN C

train.tail(15)

乘客ID 是否幸存 乘客等级(1/2/3等舱位) 乘客姓名 性别 年龄 堂兄弟/妹个数 父母与小孩个数 船票信息 票价 客舱 登船港口
876 877 0 3 Gustafsson, Mr. Alfred Ossian male 20.0 0 0 7534 9.8458 NaN S
877 878 0 3 Petroff, Mr. Nedelio male 19.0 0 0 349212 7.8958 NaN S
878 879 0 3 Laleff, Mr. Kristo male NaN 0 0 349217 7.8958 NaN S
879 880 1 1 Potter, Mrs. Thomas Jr (Lily Alexenia Wilson) female 56.0 0 1 11767 83.1583 C50 C
880 881 1 2 Shelley, Mrs. William (Imanita Parrish Hall) female 25.0 0 1 230433 26.0000 NaN S
881 882 0 3 Markun, Mr. Johann male 33.0 0 0 349257 7.8958 NaN S
882 883 0 3 Dahlberg, Miss. Gerda Ulrika female 22.0 0 0 7552 10.5167 NaN S
883 884 0 2 Banfield, Mr. Frederick James male 28.0 0 0 C.A./SOTON 34068 10.5000 NaN S
884 885 0 3 Sutehall, Mr. Henry Jr male 25.0 0 0 SOTON/OQ 392076 7.0500 NaN S
885 886 0 3 Rice, Mrs. William (Margaret Norton) female 39.0 0 5 382652 29.1250 NaN Q
886 887 0 2 Montvila, Rev. Juozas male 27.0 0 0 211536 13.0000 NaN S
887 888 1 1 Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith female 19.0 0 0 112053 30.0000 B42 S
888 889 0 3 Johnston, Miss. Catherine Helen “Carrie” female NaN 1 2 W./C. 6607 23.4500 NaN S
889 890 1 1 Behr, Mr. Karl Howell male 26.0 0 0 111369 30.0000 C148 C
890 891 0 3 Dooley, Mr. Patrick male 32.0 0 0 370376 7.7500 NaN Q

1.2.4 任务三：判断数据是否为空，为空的地方返回True，其余地方返回False

train.isna()

乘客ID 是否幸存 乘客等级(1/2/3等舱位) 乘客姓名 性别 年龄 堂兄弟/妹个数 父母与小孩个数 船票信息 票价 客舱 登船港口
0 False False False False False False False False False False True False
1 False False False False False False False False False False False False
2 False False False False False False False False False False True False
3 False False False False False False False False False False False False
4 False False False False False False False False False False True False
… … … … … … … … … … … … …
886 False False False False False False False False False False True False
887 False False False False False False False False False False False False
888 False False False False False True False False False False True False
889 False False False False False False False False False False False False
890 False False False False False False False False False False True False
891 rows × 12 columns

1.3 保存数据

train.to_csv('train_chinese.csv', encoding='utf-8')