python to csv参数_pd.read_csv() 、to_csv() 之 常用参数

本文简单介绍一下read_csv()和 to_csv()的参数，最常用的拿出来讲，较少用的请转到官方文档看。

一.pd.read_csv()

作用：将csv文件读入并转化为数据框形式。

pd.read_csv(filepath_or_buffer, sep=',', delimiter=None, header='infer', names=None, index_col=None, usecols=None, squeeze=False, prefix=None, mangle_dupe_cols=True, dtype=None, engine=None, converters=None, true_values=None, false_values=None, skipinitialspace=False, skiprows=None, nrows=None, na_values=None, keep_default_na=True, na_filter=True, verbose=False, skip_blank_lines=True, parse_dates=False, infer_datetime_format=False, keep_date_col=False, date_parser=None, dayfirst=False, iterator=False, chunksize=None, compression='infer', thousands=None, decimal=b'.', lineterminator=None, quotechar='"', quoting=0, escapechar=None, comment=None, encoding=None, dialect=None, tupleize_cols=False, error_bad_lines=True, warn_bad_lines=True, skipfooter=0, skip_footer=0, doublequote=True, delim_whitespace=False, as_recarray=False, compact_ints=False, use_unsigned=False, low_memory=True, buffer_lines=None, memory_map=False, float_precision=None)

好多参数呀！

下面来看常用参数：

1.filepath_or_buffer:(这是唯一一个必须有的参数，其它都是按需求选用的)

文件所在处的路径

2.sep：

指定分隔符，默认为逗号','

3.delimiter : str, default None

定界符，备选分隔符(如果指定该参数，则sep参数失效)

4.header：int or list of ints, default ‘infer’

指定哪一行作为表头。默认设置为0(即第一行作为表头)，如果没有表头的话，要修改参数，设置header=None

5.names：

指定列的名称，用列表表示。一般我们没有表头，即header=None时，这个用来添加列名就很有用啦！

6.index_col:

指定哪一列数据作为行索引，可以是一列，也可以多列。多列的话，会看到一个分层索引

7.prefix:

给列名添加前缀。如prefix="x",会出来"x1"、"x2"、"x3"酱纸

8.nrows : int, default None

需要读取的行数(从文件头开始算起)

10.skiprows : list-like or integer, default None

需要忽略的行数(从文件开始处算起)，或需要跳过的行号列表(从0开始)。

下面是举栗子时间：

import pandas as pd

data = pd.read_csv(r"G:\data\Kaggle\Titanic\train.csv")

data.head()

PassengerId

Survived

Pclass

Name

Sex

Age

SibSp

Parch

Ticket

Fare

Cabin

Embarked

0

1

0

3

Braund, Mr. Owen Harris

male

22.0

1

0

A/5 21171

7.2500

NaN

S

1

2

1

1

Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...

female

38.0

1

0

PC 17599

71.2833

C85

C

2

3

1

3

Heikkinen, Miss. Laina

female

26.0

0

0

STON/O2. 3101282

7.9250

NaN

S

3

4

1

1

Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)

female

35.0

1

0

113803

53.1000

C123

S

4

5

0

3

Allen, Mr. William Henry

male

35.0

0

0

373450

8.0500

NaN

S

data1 = pd.read_csv(r"G:\data\Kaggle\Titanic\train.csv",header=None) #可以看到表头都直接当作数据在用了

data1.head()

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

0

PassengerId

Survived

Pclass

Name

Sex

Age

SibSp

Parch

Ticket

Fare

Cabin

Embarked

1

1

0

3

Braund, Mr. Owen Harris

male

22

1

0

A/5 21171

7.25

NaN

S

2

2

1

1

Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...

female

38

1

0

PC 17599

71.2833

C85

C

3

3

1

3

Heikkinen, Miss. Laina

female

26

0

0

STON/O2. 3101282

7.925

NaN

S

4

4

1

1

Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)

female

35

1

0

113803

53.1

C123

S

data2 = pd.read_csv(r"G:\data\Kaggle\Titanic\train.csv",index_col=["Survived","Sex"])

data2.head()

PassengerId

Pclass

Name

Age

SibSp

Parch

Ticket

Fare

Cabin

Embarked

Survived

Sex

0

male

1

3

Braund, Mr. Owen Harris

22.0

1

0

A/5 21171

7.2500

NaN

S

1

female

2

1

Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...

38.0

1

0

PC 17599

71.2833

C85

C

female

3

3

Heikkinen, Miss. Laina

26.0

0

0

STON/O2. 3101282

7.9250

NaN

S

female

4

1

Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)

35.0

1

0

113803

53.1000

C123

S

0

male

5

3

Allen, Mr. William Henry

35.0

0

0

373450

8.0500

NaN

S

data3 = pd.read_csv(r"G:\data\Kaggle\Titanic\train.csv", skiprows=3, header=None) #包括表头的前三行被跳过了

data3.head()

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

0

3

1

3

Heikkinen, Miss. Laina

female

26.0

0

0

STON/O2. 3101282

7.9250

NaN

S

1

4

1

1

Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)

female

35.0

1

0

113803

53.1000

C123

S

2

5

0

3

Allen, Mr. William Henry

male

35.0

0

0

373450

8.0500

NaN

S

3

6

0

3

Moran, Mr. James

male

NaN

0

0

330877

8.4583

NaN

Q

4

7

0

1

McCarthy, Mr. Timothy J

male

54.0

0

0

17463

51.8625

E46

S

二.pd.to_csv()

作用：将数据框写入本地电脑，保存起来

先了解一下当前工作路径

import os

father_path = os.getcwd()

father_path

'C:\\Users\\acerpc'

to_csv(path_or_buf,sep,na_rep,columns,header,index)

参数解析：

1.path_or_buf：字符串，放文件名、相对路径、文件流等；

2.sep：字符串，分隔符，跟read_csv()的一个意思

3.na_rep：字符串，将NaN转换为特定值

4.columns：列表，指定哪些列写进去

5.header：默认header=0，如果没有表头，设置header=None，表示我没有表头呀！

6.index：关于索引的，默认True,写入索引

举栗子时间到：

import numpy as np

df = pd.DataFrame({"a":[1,2,3],

"b":[6,np.nan,6],

"c":[3,4,np.nan]})

df

a

b

c

0

1

6.0

3.0

1

2

NaN

4.0

2

3

6.0

NaN

path1 = father_path + r'\df1.csv'

df.to_csv(path1)

path2 = father_path + r'\df2.csv'

df.to_csv(path2,header=None)

path3 = father_path + r'\df3.csv'

df.to_csv(path3, columns=["a","c"],index=False)

path4 = father_path + r'\df4.csv'

df.to_csv(path4, na_rep=0)